Siuslaw language
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
Siuslaw | |
---|---|
Lower Umpqua | |
Šáayušƛa / Qúuiič | |
Pronunciation | / s aɪ ˈ j uː s l ɔː / |
Native to | United States |
Region | Oregon |
Ethnicity | Siuslaw people |
Extinct | 1960 [1] |
Coast Oregon Penutian
?
|
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
sis
|
Glottolog |
sius1254
|
ELP | Siuslaw |
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Pre-contact distribution of Siuslaw
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Siuslaw / s aɪ ˈ j uː s l ɔː / [2] was the language of the Siuslaw people and Lower Umpqua ( Kuitsh ) people of Oregon. It is also known as Lower Umpqua [lower-alpha 1] . The Siuslaw language had two dialects: Siuslaw proper (Šaayušƛa) and Lower Umpqua (Quuiič). [3]
Classification
Siuslaw is currently considered to be a language isolate . [4] It may be part of a Coast Oregon Penutian family together with Alsea and the Coosan languages , although the validity of this family is still controversial. Proponents of the disputed Penutian phylum usually include Siuslaw as part of it, together with the other Coast Oregon Penutian languages. [5]
Documentation
Published sources are by Leo J. Frachtenberg who collected data from a non-English-speaking native speaker of the Lower Umpqua dialect and her Alsean husband (who spoke it as a second language) during three months of fieldwork in 1911, [6] [3] [7] and by Dell Hymes who worked with four Siuslaw speakers in 1954. [8]
Further archived documentation consists of a 12-page vocabulary by James Owen Dorsey , [9] a wordlist of approximately 150 words taken by Melville Jacobs in 1935 in work with Lower Umpqua speaker Hank Johnson, [10] an audio recording of Siuslaw speaker Spencer Scott from 1941, hundreds of pages of notes from John Peabody Harrington in 1942 based on interviews with several native speakers, [11] and audio recordings of vocabulary by Morris Swadesh in 1953.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
Affricate | ts | tɬ | tʃ | |||
Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | h | |
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Cluster of stops/affricates + glottal stop are realized as ejective consonants [pʼ tʼ tɬʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ].
Vowels
Vowels are noted as /i æ a u ə o/. [8]
Notes
- ↑ Upper Umpqua (or simply Umpqua ) was an Athabaskan language and thus unrelated to Siuslaw/Lower Umpqua.
References
- ↑ Grant, A.P. (1997). "Coast Oregon Penutian: Problems and Possibilities" . International Journal of American Linguistics . 63 (1): 144–156. doi : 10.1086/466316 . S2CID 143822361 . Retrieved 7 February 2021 .
- ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions" . United States Forest Service . Retrieved May 12, 2020 .
- 1 2 Frachtenberg, Leo Joachim; Franz Boas; Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology (1917). Siuslawan (Lower Umpqua): an illustrative sketch . Govt. Printing Office . Retrieved 28 August 2012 .
- ↑ Campbell, Lyle (January 2019). "How many Language Families are there in the world?" . International Journal of Basque Linguistics and Philology . 1 (2): 133–152. doi : 10.1387/asju.20195 . Retrieved 2021-02-24 .
- ↑ Grant, A. (1997). Coast Oregon Penutian: Problems and Possibilities. International Journal of American Linguistics, 63(1), 144-156.
- ↑ Frachtenberg, Leo. (1914). Lower Umpqua texts and notes on the Kusan dialect . In Columbia University contributions to Anthropology (Vol. 4, pp. 151–150).
- ↑ Frachtenberg, Leo. (1922). Siuslawan (Lower Umpqua). In Handbook of American Indian languages (Vol. 2, pp. 431–629).
- 1 2 Hymes, Dell. (1966). Some points of Siuslaw phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics , 32 , 328-342.
- ↑ Dorsey, James Owen. (1884). [Siuslaw vocabulary, with sketch map showing villages, and incomplete key giving village names October 27, 1884]. Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.
- ↑ Melville Jacobs papers, 1918-1978, University of Washington Special Collections, Seattle WA.
- ↑ Harrington, John P. 1942. "Alsea, SIuslaw, Coos, Southwest Oregon Athapaskan: Vocabularies, Linguistic Notes, Ethnographic and Historical Notes." John Peabody Harrington Papers, Alaska/Northwest Coast. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
External links
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Chinookan | |
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Plateau | |
Takelma | |
Kalapuyan | |
Coast Oregon | |
Wintuan | |
Maiduan | |
Yok-Utian | |
Tsimshianic | |
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