Kunza language
Extinct language of Chile and Peru
Kunza | |
---|---|
Atacameño | |
Likanantaí | |
Native to | Chile , Peru , Bolivia |
Region | Atacama Desert |
Ethnicity | Atacama |
Extinct | ca. 1950s |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
kuz
|
Glottolog |
kunz1244
|
Kunza is an extinct language isolate once spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Peru by the Atacama people, who have since shifted to Spanish . The last speaker was documented in 1949.
Other names and spellings include Cunza , Likanantaí , Lipe , Ulipe , and Atacameño .
History
The language was spoken in northern Chile, specifically in the Chilean villages of Peine, Socaire (near the Salar de Atacama ), and Caspana , and in southern Peru.
The last Kunza speaker was found in 1949, although some have been found since according to anthropologists. [ clarification needed ] There are 2,000 Atacameños (W. Adelaar).
Unattested varieties listed by Loukotka (1968):
- Atacameño of Bolivia - spoken in a small village on the frontier of Potosí Department , Bolivia, and Antofagasta Province of Chile
- Lipe ( Olipe ) - extinct language once spoken south of the Salar de Uyuni , Potosí Department , Bolivia
Classification
Kaufman (1990) found a proposed connection between Kunza and the likewise unclassified Kapixaná to be plausible; however, the language was more fully described in 2004, and the general consensus among linguists was that both languages are isolates. [ citation needed ]
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Mochika , Kandoshi , Jaqi , Kechua , Mapudungun , and Uru-Chipaya language families due to contact. [1]
Phonology
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | |||||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Stop
/
Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k | q | ʔ |
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | ɬ | s | x | χ | h | ||
voiced | β | ɣ | ||||||
Approximant | l | j | w | |||||
Trill | r |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | e eː | ( ə ) | o oː |
Open | a aː |
See also
References
- ↑ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
- 1 2 Adelaar, Willem; Muysken, Pieter (2004). The Languages of the Andes . New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 380.
External links
- Kunza Swadesh vocabulary list (from Wiktionary's Swadesh list appendix )
- Spanish-Kunza dictionary online
- Bibliography about Kunza
- Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: KUNZA
- Kunza ( Intercontinental Dictionary Series )
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