Viceroy of Sichuan
Regional viceroy in Qing Empire
Viceroy of Sichuan | ||||
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Chinese name | ||||
Traditional Chinese | 四川總督 | |||
Simplified Chinese | 四川总督 | |||
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Governor-General of Sichuan Province and the Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Director of Civil Affairs
(full title) |
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Traditional Chinese | 總督四川等處地方提督軍務、糧饟兼巡撫事 | |||
Simplified Chinese | 总督四川等处地方提督军务、粮饟兼巡抚事 | |||
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Manchu name | ||||
Manchu script |
ᠰᡟᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ |
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Romanization | sycuwan i uheri kadalara amban | |||
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Qing_viceroys.png/400px-Qing_viceroys.png)
The Viceroy of Sichuan , fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan Province and the Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty . As its name suggests, the Viceroy of Sichuan had control over Sichuan (Szechuan) Province , as well as modern Chongqing Municipality , which was split off in 1997.
History
The origins of the Viceroy of Sichuan trace back to 1644, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor , with the creation of the office of the Provincial Governor of Sichuan (四川巡撫). Its headquarters were in Chengdu . In 1645, the Qing government created the Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan with Luo Xiujin (羅繡錦) as the first Viceroy overseeing both Huguang (present-day Hubei and Hunan ) and Sichuan provinces.
In 1653, Sichuan was placed under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of the Three Borders in Shaanxi , which was subsequently renamed "Viceroy of Chuan and the Three Borders in Shaanxi" (川陝三邊總督) with Meng Qiaofang (孟喬芳) as the officeholder. In 1656, the office was divided into two separate Viceroys for Shaanxi and Sichuan. The Viceroy of Sichuan was based in Chongqing . In 1661, the Viceroy of Sichuan relocated its headquarters to Hanzhong .
In 1668, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor , the Viceroy of Huguang was abolished and merged into the Viceroy of Sichuan, which was then renamed "Viceroy of Chuan-Hu" (川湖總督) and based in Jingzhou . In 1670, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu relocated to Chongqing. Four years later, perhaps coinciding with the Revolt of the Three Feudatories , [ citation needed ] the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu reverted to pre-1668, separating into the Viceroy of Huguang and Viceroy of Sichuan. In 1680, the Kangxi Emperor merged the Viceroy of Sichuan with the Viceroy of Shaanxi under the "Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan" (川陝總督), with its headquarters in Xi'an . In 1718, a separate Viceroy was created for Sichuan, so the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan stopped managing Sichuan. However, these changes were reversed in 1721.
In 1731, the Yongzheng Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan, with the latter headquartered in Chengdu.
In 1736, the Qianlong Emperor abolished the Viceroy of Sichuan and recreated the office of Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan. In 1748, during the campaign against the Jinchuan hill peoples in Sichuan, the Qianlong Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan. He merged the two Viceroys in 1759 but reversed the changes in the following year. The system had remained as such until the end of the Qing dynasty.
List of Viceroys of Sichuan
# | Name | Portrait | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
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Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan
(1645–1652) |
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1 |
Luo Xiujin
羅繡錦 |
1645 | 1652 | ||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan and the Three Borders
(1653–1656) |
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2 |
Meng Qiaofang
孟喬芳 |
1653 | 1654 | ||
3 |
Jin Li
金礪 |
1654 | 1656 | ||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1656–1661) |
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4 |
Jin Li
金礪 |
1656 | 1656 | ||
5 |
Ma Zhixian
馬之先 |
1656 | 1657 | ||
6 |
Li Guoying
李國英 |
1657 | 1661 | ||
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1661–1667) |
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7 |
Li Guoying
李國英 |
1661 | 1666 | ||
8 |
Miao Cheng
苗澄 |
1666 | 1667 | ||
Viceroy of Chuan-Hu
(1668–1674) |
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9 |
Liu Zhaoqi
劉兆麒 |
1668 | 1669 | ||
10 |
Cai Yurong
蔡毓榮 |
1670 | 1682 | Stopped administering Sichuan in 1674 | |
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1674–1680) |
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11 |
Zhou Youde
周有德 |
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1674 | 1674 | |
12 |
Yang Maoxun
楊茂勛 |
1679 | 1680 | ||
Viceroy of Shan-Shaan
(1680–1718) |
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13 |
Hajan
哈占 |
1680 | 1683 | ||
14 |
Hife
禧佛 |
1683 | 1686 | ||
15 |
Tuna
圖納 |
1686 | 1688 | ||
16 |
Gesitai
葛思泰 |
1688 | 1692 | ||
17 |
Foron
佛倫 |
1692 | 1694 | ||
18 |
Wuhe
吳赫 |
1694 | 1699 | ||
Silda
席爾達 |
1699 | 1701 | Acting Viceroy | ||
19 |
Gioro-Huaxian
覺羅華顯 |
1701 | 1704 | ||
20 |
Boji
博霽 |
1704 | 1708 | ||
21 |
Cišiu
齊世武 |
1708 | 1709 | ||
22 |
Yin Tai
殷泰 |
1709 | 1713 | ||
23 |
Ehai
鄂海 |
1713 | 1718 | ||
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1718–1721) |
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24 |
Nian Gengyao
年羹堯 |
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1718 | 1721 | |
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1721–1731) |
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25 |
Nian Gengyao
年羹堯 |
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1721 | 1725 | |
26 |
Yue Zhongqi
岳鍾琪 |
1725 | 1729 | ||
27 |
Jalangga
查郎阿 |
1729 | 1731 | ||
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1731–1735) |
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28 |
Huang Tinggui
黃廷桂 |
1731 | 1735 | ||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1736–1748) |
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29 |
Jalangga
查郎阿 |
1736 | 1738 | ||
Liu Yuyi
劉於義 |
1736 | 1737 | Acting Viceroy | ||
30 |
Omida
鄂彌達 |
1738 | 1740 | ||
31 |
Yengišan
尹繼善 |
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1740 | 1742 | |
32 |
Martai
馬爾泰 |
1742 | 1743 | Acting Viceroy | |
33 |
Qingfu
慶復 |
1743 | 1747 | ||
34 |
Zhang Guangsi
張廣泗 |
1747 | 1748 | ||
Huang Tinggui
黃廷桂 |
1747 | Acting Viceroy | |||
Furdan
傅爾丹 |
1748 | Acting Viceroy | |||
35 |
Fuheng
傅恆 |
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1748 | Acting Viceroy | |
36 |
Ts'ereng
策楞 |
1748 | |||
Yengišan
尹繼善 |
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1748 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1748–1759) |
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37 |
Ts'ereng
策楞 |
1748 | 1753 | ||
38 |
Huang Tinggui
黃廷桂 |
1753 | 1755 | ||
39 |
Kaitai
開泰 |
1755 | 1759 | ||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1759–1760) |
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40 |
Kaitai
開泰 |
1759 | 1760 | ||
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1760–1911) |
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41 |
Kaitai
開泰 |
1760 | 1763 | ||
42 |
Obi
鄂弼 |
1763 | 1763 | ||
43 |
Artai
阿爾泰 |
1763 | 1770 | ||
Agui
阿桂 |
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1764 | 1764 | Acting Viceroy | |
44 |
Defu
德福 |
1770 | 1771 | ||
45 |
Artai
阿爾泰 |
1771 | 1771 | ||
46 |
Wenshou
文綬 |
1771 | 1771 | ||
47 |
Guilin
桂林 |
1771 | 1772 | ||
48 |
Artai
阿爾泰 |
1772 | 1772 | ||
49 |
Wenshou
文綬 |
1772 | 1772 | ||
50 |
Liu Bingtian
劉秉恬 |
1772 | 1773 | ||
Fulehun
富勒渾 |
1772 | 1772 | Acting Viceroy | ||
51 |
Fulehun
富勒渾 |
1773 | 1776 | ||
52 |
Wenshou
文綬 |
1776 | 1781 | ||
53 |
Fuk'anggan
福康安 |
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1781 | 1783 | |
54 |
Li Shijie
李世傑 |
1783 | 1787 | ||
55 |
Baoning
保寧 |
1786 | 1787 | ||
56 |
Li Shijie
李世傑 |
1787 | 1789 | ||
57 |
Sun Shiyi
孫士毅 |
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1789 | 1790 | |
58 |
Ohūi
鄂輝 |
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1790 | 1791 | |
59 |
Xianling
憲齡 |
1791 | 1793 | ||
60 |
Fuk'anggan
福康安 |
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1793 | 1794 | |
61 |
Heliyen
和琳 |
1794 | 1796 | ||
Sun Shiyi
孫士毅 |
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1796 | 1796 | Acting Viceroy | |
62 |
Funing
福寧 |
1796 | 1797 | ||
63 |
Lebao
勒保 |
1798 | 1799 | ||
64 |
Kuilun
魁倫 |
1799 | 1800 | ||
65 |
Lebao
勒保 |
1800 | 1810 | ||
66 |
Changming
常明 |
1810 | 1817 | ||
Li Luanyi
李鑾宜 |
1817 | 1817 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Dening'a
德寧阿 |
1817 | 1817 | Acting Viceroy | ||
67 |
Jiang Youxian
蔣攸銛 |
1817 | 1822 | ||
68 |
Chen Ruolin
陳若霖 |
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1822 | 1823 | |
69 |
Dai Sanxi
戴三錫 |
1823 | 1829 | ||
70 |
Qishan
琦善 |
1829 | 1831 | ||
71 |
Ošan
鄂山 |
1831 | 1838 | ||
72 |
Gioro-Baoxing
覺羅寶興 |
1839 | 1846 | ||
73 |
Qishan
琦善 |
1846 | 1849 | ||
74 |
Xu Zechun
徐澤醇 |
1849 | 1852 | ||
75 |
Huicheng
慧成 |
1852 | 1853 | ||
76 |
Yurui
裕瑞 |
1853 | 1854 | ||
77 |
Huang Zonghan
黃宗漢 |
1854 | 1856 | ||
78 |
Wu Zhenyu
吳振棫 |
1856 | 1857 | ||
79 |
Wang Qingyun
王慶雲 |
1857 | 1859 | ||
80 |
Huang Zonghan
黃宗漢 |
1859 | 1859 | ||
81 |
Zeng Wangyan
曾望顏 |
1859 | 1860 | ||
82 |
Chongshi
崇實 |
1860 | 1861 | ||
83 |
Luo Bingzhang
駱秉章 |
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1861 | 1867 | |
84 |
Wu Tang
吳棠 |
1867 | 1875 | ||
Wenge
文格 |
1875 | 1875 | Acting Viceroy | ||
85 |
Li Hanzhang
李瀚章 |
1875 | 1876 | ||
86 |
Ding Baozhen
丁寶楨 |
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1876 | 1886 | |
87 |
Liu Bingzhang
劉秉璋 |
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1886 | 1894 | |
88 |
Tan Zhonglin
譚鍾麟 |
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1894 | 1895 | |
89 |
Lu Chuanlin
鹿傳霖 |
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1895 | 1897 | |
Gongshou
恭壽 |
1897 | 1898 | Acting Viceroy | ||
90 |
Li Bingheng
李秉衡 |
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1897 | 1897 | Never assumed office |
91 |
Yulu
裕祿 |
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1897 | 1898 | |
92 |
Kuijun
奎俊 |
1898 | 1902 | ||
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊 |
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1902 | 1903 | Acting Viceroy | |
93 |
Xiliang
錫良 |
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1903 | 1907 | |
Zhao Erfeng
趙爾豐 |
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1907 | 1907 | Acting Viceroy | |
94 |
Zhao Erxun
趙爾巽 |
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1907 | 1907 | Never assumed office |
95 |
Chen Kuilong
陳夔龍 |
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1907 | 1908 | |
96 |
Zhao Erxun
趙爾巽 |
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1908 | 1911 | |
Zhao Erfeng
趙爾豐 |
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1911 | 1911 | Acting Viceroy | |
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊 |
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1911 | 1911 | Acting Viceroy; never assumed office | |
97 |
Duanfang
端方 |
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1911 | 1911 | Assassinated in office |
References
- Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese). Vol. 197–199.
Viceroys
of the
Qing dynasty
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