Viceroy of Liangguang
Provincial governor in Ming and Qing China
Viceroy of Liangguang | ||||
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Chinese name | ||||
Traditional Chinese | 兩廣總督 | |||
Simplified Chinese | 两广总督 | |||
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Governor-General, Commander and Quartermaster, Supervisor of Waterways, and Inspector-General of the Two Expanses and Surrounding Areas
(full title) |
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Traditional Chinese | 總督兩廣等處地方,提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事 | |||
Simplified Chinese | 总督两广等处地方,提督军务、粮饷、管理河道兼巡抚事 | |||
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Manchu name | ||||
Manchu script |
ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ
ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ |
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Romanization | guwangdung guwangsi uheri kadalara amban | |||
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Qing_viceroys.png/450px-Qing_viceroys.png)
The Viceroy of Liangguang or Viceroy of the Two Guangs , was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The two Guang referred to Guangdong and Guangxi . The areas under the Viceroy's jurisdiction included present-day Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan , Hong Kong , and Macau .
Name
Its full name in Chinese is Governor-General, Commander and Quartermaster, Supervisor of Waterways, and Inspector-General of the Two Expanses and Surrounding Areas.
History
Ming dynasty
The office of the Viceroy of Liangguang originated in 1452 during the Ming dynasty . The Jingtai Emperor accepted Yu Qian 's proposal to create the office and appointed Wang Ao (王翱) as the first viceroy.
In 1465, the Chenghua Emperor appointed Han Yong (韓雍) as Left Censor-in-Chief and Viceroy of Liangguang. The office was formalised in 1469, with the administrative headquarters fixed in Wuzhou , Guangxi .
In 1536, during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor , the viceroy Qian Rujing (錢如京) created a separate administrative branch in Zhaoqing , Guangdong . In 1564, the headquarters shifted from Wuzhou to Zhaoqing after Wu Guifang (吳桂芳) sought approval from the Jiajing Emperor.
Qing dynasty
The office was recreated in 1644 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor in the Qing dynasty . It was called "Viceroy of Guangdong" (廣東總督) even though its jurisdiction included Guangxi. The headquarters were in Guangzhou , Guangdong. In 1655, the headquarters shifted back to Wuzhou.
In 1663, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor , the office was split into two: Viceroy of Guangdong and Viceroy of Guangxi. The headquarters of the Viceroy of Guangdong moved to Lianzhou (廉州; present-day Hepu County , Guangxi). A year later, the Viceroy of Guangxi was merged with the Viceroy of Guangdong, and the headquarters shifted back to Zhaoqing.
In 1723, during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor , the office was divided into Guangdong and Guangxi again, but were merged again within the following year. In 1729, in response to a rebellion by the Miao people , the Yongzheng Emperor placed Guangxi under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of Yun-Gui to facilitate the coordination of military operations. In 1734, Guangdong and Guangxi were merged under a single office, Viceroy of Liangjiang, and had remained like this until 1905.
In 1746, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor , the headquarters of the Viceroy of Liangguang shifted to Guangzhou and remained there permanently.
In 1905, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor , the Viceroy of Liangguang concurrently held the position of Provincial Governor of Guangdong.
List of Viceroys of Liangguang
Ming dynasty
Southern Ming dynasty
# | Name | Portrait | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
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46 |
Ding Kuichu
丁魁楚 |
1644 | 1644 | Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence | |
47 |
Wang Huacheng
王化澄 |
1646 | 1646 | Concurrently Provincial Governor of Guangdong | |
48 |
Lin Jiading
林佳鼎 |
February 1646 | 1647 | ||
49 |
Zhu Zhijian
朱治澗 |
1647 | 1647 | Concurrently Vice Secretary of Defence | |
50 |
Li Chengdong
李成棟 |
1648 | April 1649 | ||
51 |
Li Qipeng
李棲鵬 |
April 1649 | April 1649 | ||
52 |
Yan Keyi
閻可義 |
August 1649 | August 1649 | Died of illness in office | |
53 |
Li Jianjie
李建捷 |
September 1649 | September 1649 | ||
54 |
Luo Chengyao
羅承耀 |
September 1649 | September 1649 | ||
55 |
Du Yunhe
杜允和 |
October 1649 | 1650 | Retreated from Guangzhou after the city fell to Qing forces led by Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao | |
56 |
Lian Chengbi
連城璧 |
1650 | 1659 | ||
Qing dynasty
# | Name | Portrait | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viceroy of Guangdong
(including Guangxi) (1644–1661) |
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1644 | 15 June 1647 | Vacant | |||
1 |
Tong Yangjia
佟養甲 |
15 June 1647 | 1651 | ||
1651 | 12 July 1653 | Vacant | |||
2 |
Li Shuaitai
李率泰 |
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12 July 1653 | 16 March 1656 | |
3 |
Wang Guoguang
王國光 |
16 March 1656 | 10 July 1658 | ||
4 |
Li Qifeng
李棲鳳 |
10 July 1658 | 2 November 1661 | ||
Viceroy of Guangdong
(1661–1665) |
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5 |
Li Qifeng
李棲鳳 |
2 November 1661 | 2 April 1665 | ||
6 |
Lu Xingzu
盧興祖 |
2 April 1665 | 4 July 1665 | ||
Viceroy of Guangxi
(1661–1665) |
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Yu Shiyue
于時躍 |
1661 | 1663 | |||
Qu Jinmei
屈盡美 |
1663 | 1665 | |||
Viceroy of Liangguang
(1665–1723) |
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7 |
Lu Xingzu
盧興祖 |
4 July 1665 | 30 December 1667 | ||
8 |
Zhou Youde
周有德 |
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30 January 1668 | 6 February 1670 | |
9 |
Jin Guangzu
[
citation needed
]
金光祖 |
6 March 1668 | 1 February 1682 | ||
10 |
Wu Xingzuo
吳興祚 |
1 February 1682 | 8 August 1689 | ||
11 |
Shi Lin
石琳 |
19 August 1682 | 17 December 1702 | ||
12 |
Guo Shilong
郭世隆 |
17 December 1702 | 23 January 1707 | ||
13 |
Zhao Hongcan
趙弘燦 |
30 January 1707 | 19 November 1716 | ||
14 |
Yang Lin
楊琳 |
25 November 1716 | 9 September 1723 | ||
Viceroy of Guangdong
(1723–1724) |
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15 |
Yang Lin
楊琳 |
9 September 1723 | 26 April 1724 | ||
Viceroy of Guangxi
(1723–1724) |
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Kong Yuxun
孔毓珣 |
1723 | 1724 | |||
Viceroy of Liangguang
(1724–1728) |
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16 |
Kong Yuxun
孔毓珣 |
26 April 1724 | 11 November 1728 | ||
Viceroy of Guangdong
(Guangxi was under the Viceroy of Yun-Gui ) (1728–1734) |
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17 |
Kong Yuxun
孔毓珣 |
11 November 1728 | 29 March 1729 | ||
18 |
Hao Yulin
郝玉麟 |
29 March 1729 | 21 March 1732 | ||
Zhang Pu
張溥 |
14 October 1731 | 25 February 1732 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Omida
鄂彌達 |
21 March 1732 | 17 October 1732 | Acting Viceroy | ||
19 |
Omida
鄂彌達 |
21 March 1732 | 5 January 1735 | ||
Viceroy of Liangguang
(1734–1905) |
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20 |
Omida
鄂彌達 |
5 January 1735 | 30 August 1738 | ||
21 |
Martai
馬爾泰 |
30 August 1738 | 10 August 1744 | ||
Qingfu
慶復 |
28 May 1741 | 28 January 1743 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Ts'ereng
策楞 |
28 January 1743 | 17 July 1743 | Acting Viceroy | ||
22 |
Nasutu
那蘇圖 |
10 August 1744 | 14 May 1745 | ||
23 |
Ts'ereng
策楞 |
14 May 1745 | 28 October 1748 | ||
24 |
Yengišan
尹繼善 |
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28 October 1748 | 24 November 1748 | |
25 |
Šose
碩色 |
24 November 1748 | 9 February 1750 | ||
26 |
Chen Dashou
陳大受 |
9 February 1750 | 14 November 1751 | ||
27 |
Arigun
阿里袞 |
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14 November 1751 | 24 February 1753 | |
Bandi
班第 |
|
16 October 1753 | 3 May 1754 | Acting Viceroy | |
28 |
Ts'ereng
策楞 |
16 October 1753 | 3 May 1754 | ||
29 |
Yang Yingju
楊應琚 |
3 May 1754 | 31 August 1757 | ||
30 |
Henian
鶴年 |
31 August 1757 | 14 January 1758 | ||
Li Shiyao
李侍堯 |
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Acting Viceroy | |||
31 |
Chen Hongmou
陳弘謀 |
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14 January 1758 | 27 May 1758 | |
32 |
Li Shiyao
李侍堯 |
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27 May 1758 | 27 May 1761 | |
33 |
Suchang
蘇昌 |
27 May 1761 | 22 July 1764 | ||
34 |
Li Shiyao
李侍堯 |
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22 July 1764 | 25 February 1777 | |
Yang Tingzhang
楊廷璋 |
22 July 1765 | 24 April 1767 | Acting Viceroy | ||
35 |
Yang Jingsu
楊景素 |
25 February 1777 | 19 March 1778 | ||
36 |
Guilin
桂林 |
19 March 1778 | 11 January 1780 | ||
37 |
Bayansan
巴延三 |
11 January 1780 | 20 February 1784 | ||
38 |
Shuchang
舒常 |
20 February 1784 | 26 February 1785 | ||
Sun Shiyi
孫士毅 |
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26 February 1785 | 1 September 1785 | Acting Viceroy | |
39 |
Fulehun
富勒渾 |
1 September 1785 | 23 May 1786 | ||
40 |
Sun Shiyi
孫士毅 |
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23 May 1786 | 19 February 1789 | |
41 |
Fuk'anggan
福康安 |
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19 February 1789 | 14 September 1793 | |
42 |
Changlin
長麟 |
14 September 1793 | 5 July 1796 | ||
43 |
Zhu Gui
朱珪 |
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5 July 1796 | 29 September 1796 | |
44 |
Jiqing
吉慶 |
29 September 1796 | 17 December 1802 | ||
45 |
Changlin
長麟 |
17 December 1802 | 26 January 1803 | ||
Hutuli
瑚圖禮 |
Acting Viceroy | ||||
46 |
Wesibu
倭什布 |
26 January 1803 | 30 January 1805 | ||
47 |
Nayancheng
那彥成 |
30 January 1805 | 12 December 1805 | ||
48 |
Wu Xiongguang
吳熊光 |
12 December 1805 | 6 January 1809 | ||
49 |
Yongbao
永保 |
6 January 1809 | 20 February 1809 | ||
50 |
Bailing
百齡 |
20 February 1809 | 16 February 1811 | ||
51 |
Songyun
松筠 |
16 February 1811 | 5 November 1811 | ||
52 |
Jiang Youxian
蔣攸銛 |
5 November 1811 | 22 October 1817 | ||
53 |
Ruan Yuan
阮元 |
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22 October 1817 | 22 June 1826 | |
54 |
Li Hongbin
李鴻賓 |
22 June 1826 | 14 September 1832 | ||
55 |
Lu Kun
盧坤 |
14 September 1832 | 15 October 1835 | ||
56 |
Deng Tingzhen
鄧廷楨 |
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15 October 1835 | 21 January 1840 | |
57 |
Lin Zexu
林則徐 |
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21 January 1840 | 3 October 1840 | |
Yiliang
怡良 |
28 September 1840 | 4 December 1840 | Acting Viceroy | ||
58 |
Qishan
琦善 |
4 December 1840 | 26 February 1841 | ||
59 |
Qi Gong
祁𡎴 |
26 February 1841 | 19 March 1844 | ||
60 |
Qiying
耆英 |
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19 March 1844 | 4 July 1848 | |
Xu Guangjin
徐廣縉 |
3 February 1848 | 4 July 1848 | Acting Viceroy | ||
61 |
Xu Guangjin
徐廣縉 |
4 July 1848 | 7 September 1852 | ||
62 |
Ye Mingchen
葉名琛 |
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7 September 1852 | 26 January 1858 | [1] |
63 |
Huang Zonghan
黃宗漢 |
26 January 1858 | 4 May 1859 | ||
64 |
Wang Qingyun
王慶雲 |
4 May 1859 | 7 October 1859 | ||
Bogui
柏貴 |
4 May 1859 | 21 May 1859 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Lao Chongguang
勞崇光 |
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21 May 1859 | 7 October 1859 | Acting Viceroy | |
65 |
Lao Chongguang
勞崇光 |
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7 October 1859 | 17 October 1862 | |
66 |
Liu Changyou
劉長佑 |
17 October 1862 | 14 February 1863 | ||
Yan Duanshu
晏端書 |
14 February 1863 | 6 July 1863 | Acting Viceroy | ||
67 |
Mao Hongbin
毛鴻賓 |
6 July 1863 | 7 March 1865 | ||
Wu Tang
吳棠 |
7 March 1865 | 13 March 1865 | Acting Viceroy | ||
68 |
Ruilin
瑞麟 |
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13 March 1865 | 17 October 1874 | |
Ruilin
瑞麟 |
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13 March 1865 | 25 September 1866 | Acting Viceroy | |
69 |
Yinghan
英翰 |
17 October 1874 | 2 September 1875 | ||
Zhang Zhaodong
張兆棟 |
17 October 1874 | 31 March 1875 | Acting Viceroy | ||
70 |
Liu Kunyi
劉坤一 |
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2 September 1875 | 27 December 1879 | |
Yukuan
裕寬 |
18 December 1878 | 27 December 1879 | Acting Viceroy | ||
71 |
Zhang Shusheng
張樹聲 |
27 December 1879 | 19 April 1882 | ||
Yukuan
裕寬 |
27 December 1879 | 20 May 1880 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Yukuan
裕寬 |
19 April 1882 | 6 May 1882 | Acting Viceroy | ||
72 |
Zeng Guoquan
曾國荃 |
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6 May 1882 | 13 July 1883 | |
73 |
Zhang Shusheng
張樹聲 |
13 July 1883 | 22 May 1884 | ||
74 |
Zhang Zhidong
張之洞 |
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22 May 1884 | 8 August 1889 | |
75 |
Li Hanzhang
李瀚章 |
8 August 1889 | 13 April 1895 | ||
76 |
Tan Zhonglin
譚鍾麟 |
16 April 1895 | 19 December 1899 | The office was renamed to "Viceroy of Liangguang and Provincial Governor of Guangdong" between 30 August and 1 November 1898. | |
Deshou
德壽 |
19 December 1899 | 24 May 1900 | Acting Viceroy | ||
77 |
Li Hongzhang
李鴻章 |
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24 May 1900 | 9 July 1900 | |
Deshou
德壽 |
9 July 1900 | 16 September 1900 | Acting Viceroy | ||
78 |
Lu Chuanlin
鹿傳霖 |
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16 September 1900 | 26 September 1900 | |
79 |
Tao Mo
陶模 |
26 September 1900 | 2 July 1902 | ||
Deshou
德壽 |
3 July 1902 | 18 April 1903 | |||
80 |
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊 |
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18 April 1903 | 23 July 1905 | |
Viceroy of Liangguang and Provincial Governor of Guangdong
(1905–1911) |
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81 |
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊 |
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23 July 1905 | 11 September 1906 | |
82 |
Zhou Fu
周馥 |
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11 September 1906 | 28 May 1907 | |
83 |
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊 |
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28 May 1907 | 12 August 1907 | |
84 |
Zhang Renjun
張人駿 |
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12 August 1907 | 28 June 1909 | |
Yuan Shuxun
袁樹勛 |
28 June 1909 | 29 October 1910 | Acting Viceroy | ||
Zengqi
增祺 |
29 October 1910 | 14 April 1911 | Acting Viceroy | ||
85 |
Zhang Mingqi
張鳴岐 |
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4 April 1911 | 8 November 1911 | |
86 |
Li Zhun
李準 |
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26 November 1911 | Never assumed office | |
Lu Rongting
陸榮廷 |
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July 1917 | July 1917 | During the Manchu Restoration attempt | |
References
Citations
- ↑ Wong, J.Y. (1976). Yeh Ming-ch'en: Viceroy of Liang Kuang 1852-8 . CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-21023-2 .
Sources
- Zhao, Erxun (1928). 清史稿 [ Draft History of Qing ] (in Chinese). Vol. 197–199.
Viceroys
of the
Qing dynasty
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