Władysław Syrokomla
Polish-Lithuanian poet and writer
Władysław Syrokomla
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Born |
Ludwik Władysław Franciszek Kondratowicz
( 1823-09-29 ) 29 September 1823 Smolków , Minsk Governorate , Russian Empire |
Died |
15 September 1862
(1862-09-15)
(aged
38)
Vilnius (Vilna), Vilna Governorate , Russian Empire |
Resting place | Rasos Cemetery , Vilnius |
Pen name | Władysław Syrokomla |
Language | Polish and Belarusian |
Nationality | Polish |
Genre | Romanticism |
Signature | |
Ludwik Władysław Franciszek Kondratowicz (29 September 1823 – 15 September 1862), better known as Władysław Syrokomla , was a Polish romantic poet, writer and translator working in Vilnius and Vilna Governorate , then Russian Empire .
Biography
Syrokomla was born on 29 September 1823 in the village of Smolków , in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Smolhava , Minsk Region , Belarus ), to an impoverished noble family. [1] [2] [3] [4] His parents were Aleksander Kajetan Kondratowicz (d. 1858) and Wiktoria (née Złotkowska). [5] His uncle was Hilary Kondratowicz (1790–1823), a Polish teacher of maths in gymnasium in Vilnius , who published some articles in Wiadomości Brukowe . [5] [6] A year after his birth his parents moved to another village ( Jaśkowicze ). [4] In 1833 he entered the Dominican school in Nesvizh (Nieśwież). [4] He had to give up his studies due to financial problems. In 1837 he began work in a Marchaczewszczyzna folwark . [4] Between 1841 and 1844, he worked as a clerk in the Radziwiłł family land manager's office. [3] [4] On 16 April 1844 in Niaśviž he married Paulina Mitraszewska, with whom he had four children; three of them would die in the same year (1852). [4] Later, Syrokomla had a widely criticised an affair with a married actress Helena Kirkorowa . [7]
In 1844 he published the first of his poems – Pocztylion – under the pen-name Władysław Syrokomla, coined after his family's coat of arms . [3] [4] The same year he also rented the small village of Załucze . [3] In 1853, after the death of three of his children, he sold it or gave his manor to his parents, and settled in Vilnius itself. [2] [3] [4] After a few months he rented the village of Bareikiškės , near Vilnius. [4] He became one of the editors (1861–1862) of the Kurier Wileński , the largest and most prestigious Polish-language daily newspaper published in the Vilnius area. [3] In 1858 he visited Kraków , and some time later he visited Warsaw . [2] For taking part in an anti-tsarist demonstration in 1861 in Warsaw he was arrested by the Okhrana and then sentenced to home arrest in his manor in Bareikiškės . [3] [4] He died on 15 September 1862 and was buried in the Rasos Cemetery in Vilnius. [2] [4]
Throughout his life, Syrokomla would remain impoverished; Czesław Miłosz wrote that he was "forever struggling against his lack of education and his poverty". [4] [8] Despite that, Syrokomla had many influential and even wealthy friends; his manor was visited by count Eustachy Tyszkiewicz , Stanisław Moniuszko , Ignacy Chodźko , Mikołaj Malinowski , Antoni Pietkiewicz and others. [4]
Works
Syrkomla was influenced by Adam Mickiewicz . [9] In his prose he supported the liberation of peasants and secession of the lands of former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from Imperial Russia , which had annexed portions of the Commonwealth, including what was the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , during its late 18th-century partitions .
Among the most notable of Syrokomla's works are translations of various Russian, French, Ukrainian, German and Latin poets, including works by Goethe , Heine , Lermontov , Shevchenko , Nekrasov , Béranger and others. His translations are considered a "great service" for the Polish language . [10] Syrokomla also produced a number of works about the rustic nature, people and customs of Lithuania and Belarus. [1] [9]
The vast majority of his works were written in the Polish language, however, he also wrote several poems in Belarusian . [8] Syrokomla is considered by some as one of the early influential writers in modern Belarusian language, although many of his Belarusian poems are believed to be lost. [11]
During his lifetime, his works were translated into several languages, including Lithuanian . [12] The composer Tchaikovsky adapted one of his works expressing a sympathetic view of the then-unliberated peasants – The Coral Beads – into a song. [13] He also wrote of the Tatar community in Lithuania and its mosques and of a Jewish bookseller in Vilnius. [14] [15]
Some of his works are classified as gawęda (a story-like Polish epic literary genre). [8]
- Translations of Polish-Latin poets of Sigismund's age like Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski ( Przekłady poetów polsko-łacińskich epoki zygmuntowskiej m.in. Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego )
- Chats and rhymes elusive ( Gawędy i rymy ulotne ) (1853)
- Born Jan Dęboróg ( Urodzony Jan Dęboróg )
- Poetries of the last hour ( Poezje ostatniej godziny )
- Liberation of peasants ( Wyzwolenie włościan )
- Margier. A poem from Lithuania's history ( Margier. Poemat z dziejów Litwy ) (1855)
- Good Thursday ( Wielki Czwartek ) (1856)
- Janko the Cemetery-man ( Janko Cmentarnik ) (1857)
- Kasper Kaliński (1858)
- A house in the forest ( Chatka w lesie ) (1855–1856)
- Hrabia na Wątorach (1856)
- The magnates and the orphan ( Możnowładcy i sierota ) (1859)
- Politicians from the countryside ( Wiejscy politycy ) (1858)
- Wojnarowski
- A journey of a familiar man through his familiar land ( Podróż swojaka po swojszczyźnie )
- The history of literature in Poland ( Dzieje literatury w Polsce )
Legacy
While majority of sources refer to him as a "Polish poet", his legacy is best understood in the context of the multicultural Polish-Lithuanian identity. [16] His birthplace was located within the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania , [8] and he referred to himself as a Lithuanian when expressing own regional identity. [17] Syrokomla also identified himself with the land of modern Belarus and its people. [18] During Syrokomla's burial ceremony, the Lithuanian poet Edvardas Jokūbas Daukša emphasized that while Syrokomla was influenced by Polish culture, he was a Lithuanian poet, closest to Lithuania after Adam Mickiewicz . [4] [12] Teofil Lenartowicz wrote a memorial poem on his death referring to him as a "lirnik Litewski" (Lithuanian lyricist). [19] His works were often translated into Lithuanian and Belarusian languages. [20]
In modern Belarus, he is being praised for depicting the life of 19th century Belarus and for his ethnographic research of Belarusians. [21] In his publications, Syrokomla supported the Belarusian language and the Belarusian theatre plays by the playwright Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievič . [11] [22]
In Belarus, there are streets named after W. Syrokomla ( vulica Uladzislava Syrakomli ) in Minsk , Hrodna and in smaller towns Navahrudak , Niasvizh , Pinsk , Vaukavysk , Maladzechna and Pruzhany . In Smolhava a school is named after Syrokomla. [20]
In Warsaw's residential district Bródno (city district Warszawa- Targówek ) there are two streets dedicated to the poet: Ludwik Kondratowicz St and Władysław Syrokomla St.
In Vilnius, a Polish-language school of the Polish minority in Lithuania is named after him. [20] [23]
See also
References
- 1 2 Michael J. Mikoś (June 2002). Polish romantic literature: an anthology . Slavica. ISBN 978-0-89357-281-5 . Retrieved March 22, 2011 .
- 1 2 3 4 Paul Soboleski (1881). Poets and poetry of Poland: a collection of Polish verse, including a short account of the history of Polish poetry, with sixty biographical sketches of Poland's poets and specimens of their composition . Knight & Leonard, printers. pp. 389– . Retrieved March 22, 2011 .
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (in Polish) Syrokomla Władysław , Encyklopedia WIEM
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 (in Polish) Irena Rusakiewicz, WILNIANIE ZASŁUŻENI DLA LITWY, POLSKI, EUROPY I ŚWIATA: Syrokomla Władysław (Ludwik Kondratowicz) (1823–1862). Litwa w twórczości Władysława Syrokomli
- 1 2 Kiśliak, Elżbieta . "Władysław Syrokomla". Polski Słownik Biograficzny . Vol. 46. Polska Akademia Nauk & Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 300.
- ↑ Więsław Witold (2002). "Matematyka wileńska za czasów Adama Mickiewicza" (PDF) . Roczniki Polskiego Towarzystwa Matematycznego. Seria II Wiadomości Matematyczne . 38 : 165.
- ↑ Noiński, Emil (2017). "Opiekunka dyktatora. Losy Heleny Kirkorowej (1828–1900) w Powstaniu Styczniowym i na zesłaniu syberyjskim" . Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku (in Polish). 17 : 79. doi : 10.18778/2080-8313.17.05 . ISSN 2450-6796 .
- 1 2 3 4 Czesław Miłosz (1983). The history of Polish literature . University of California Press. pp. 256–. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7 . Retrieved March 22, 2011 .
- 1 2 William Fiddian Reddaway (1971). The Cambridge history of Poland . CUP Archive. pp. 332–. GGKEY:2G7C1LPZ3RN . Retrieved March 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Paul Soboleski (1881). Poets and poetry of Poland: a collection of Polish verse, including a short account of the history of Polish poetry, with sixty biographical sketches of Poland's poets and specimens of their composition . Knight & Leonard, printers. pp. 388– . Retrieved March 22, 2011 .
- 1 2 "Да 190-годдзя Уладзіслава Сыракомлі" [ To the 190th anniversary of Uladzislau Syrakomla ] . BelTA (in Belarusian). 2013-09-26 . Retrieved 2016-09-16 .
-
1
2
(in Lithuanian)
Birutė LISAUSKAITĖ,
"Vladislovas Sirokomlė (1823 – 1862 m.)"
. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007
. Retrieved
October 16,
2009
.
{{ cite web }}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link ) . 2007 - ↑ Richard D. Sylvester (January 2004). Tchaikovsky's complete songs: a companion with texts and translations . Indiana University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-253-21676-2 . Retrieved April 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Christoph Marcinkowski (2009). The Islamic world and the West: managing religious and cultural identities in the age of globalisation . LIT Verlag Münster. p. 100. ISBN 978-3-643-80001-5 . Retrieved April 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Aleksander Hertz (1988). The Jews in Polish culture . Northwestern University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8101-0758-8 . Retrieved April 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Tomas Venclova (March 1999). Winter Dialogue . Northwestern University Press. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-8101-1726-6 . Retrieved March 26, 2011 .
- ↑ Peter J. Potichnyj; Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies; McMaster University. Interdepartmental Committee on Communist and East European Affairs (1980). Poland and Ukraine, past and present . CIUS Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-920862-07-0 . Retrieved March 28, 2011 .
- ↑ Kauka, Alaksiej (2012-11-15). "Уладзіслаў Сыракомля: на сумежжы ліцвінства-беларускасці" [ Uladzislau Syrakomla: on the border zone of Litvin and Belarusian ] . Arche (in Belarusian). Dziejaslou . Retrieved 2016-09-16 .
- ↑ Narcyza Żmichowska (1894). Kwiaty rodzinne . Nakład G. Gebethnera i spółki. p. 249 . Retrieved October 8, 2011 .
- 1 2 3 Kiśliak, Elżbieta . "Władysław Syrokomla". Polski Słownik Biograficzny . Vol. 46. Polska Akademia Nauk & Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 307.
-
↑
"Уладзіслаў Сыракомля"
[
Uladzislau Syrakomla, film by Belsat
]
.
Mova Nanova
(in Belarusian). Belsat
. Retrieved
16 September
2016
.
Адзін з першых сістэмных даследнікаў беларушчыны, Людвік Кандратовіч (Сыракомля) такімі ж беларускімі вачыма ўгледзеўся ў культуру свайго народу, як у шматвекавую духатворную традыцыю.
-
↑
Marchiel, Uladzimir.
"
"Не забудуцца дум тваіх словы..." Уладзіслаў Сыракомля"
[
The words of your thoughts will not be forgotten... Uladzislau Syrakomla
]
.
Official website of the Liuban rayon, Minsk voblasts
(in Belarusian)
. Retrieved
2016-09-16
.
Пра тое, што Сыракомля свядома ўскладаў на літаратуру і такую функцыю, сведчаць яго рэцэнзіі, у першую чаргу на беларускія творы Вінцэнта Дуніна-Марцінкевіча. Выступленне Сыракомлі ў польскай перыёдыцы з водгукамі на беларускамоўныя творы Дуніна-Марцінкевіча было ў поўнай згодзе з яго ідэалагічнай арыентацыяй, з рухам усёй яго творчасці насустрач дэмакратычнаму чытачу, насустрач селяніну і шарачковаму шляхціцу — галоўным адрасатам яго гутарак
- ↑ (in Polish) O szkole > Historia , Szkoła średnia im. Władysława Syrokomli w Wilnie / Vilniaus Vladislavo Sirokomlės vidurinė mokykla
External links
Polish Wikiquote has quotations related to: Władysław Syrokomla
- (in Polish) Patron szkoły (biography at the Vilnius High School dedicated to him)
- (in Polish) Irena Kardasz, Patron szkoły (biography at the Michałowo Elementary School dedicated to him, with a chronological table of his life)
- (in Polish) Józefa Drozdowska, Władysław Syrokomla (krótka bibliografia) (Short bio, also contains a list of further bibliographical sources)
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