Tium
Ancient settlement on the south coast of the Black Sea
Tium ( Greek : Τῖον ) was an ancient settlement, also known as Filyos ( Greek : Φίλειος ), on the south coast of the Black Sea at the mouth of the river Billaeus [1] in present-day Turkey . Ancient writers variously assigned it to ancient Paphlagonia or Bithynia .
Apart from Tium , Latinized forms of the name are Teium , [2] Tieium and Tius , corresponding to the Greek names Τεῖον (Teion), Τιεῖον (Tieion), Τῖον (Tion) and Τῖος (Tios). [3]
History
The town was founded as a colony from the Greek city of Miletus in the 7th century BCE. [4] According to Strabo , the town was only remarkable as the birthplace of Philetaerus , founder of the royal dynasty of Pergamon . [5] At the beginning of the 3rd century BCE, Amastrine (Amastris), the niece of the last Persian king Darius III , who was the wife of Dionysius , tyrant of Heracleia, and after his death the wife of Lysimachus caused a synoecism of Sesamus , Cytorus , Cromna , all towns mentioned in the Iliad , [6] and Tium after her separation from Lysimachus, [7] to form the new community of Amastris . Tium, says Strabo, soon detached itself from the community, but the rest kept together, [8] probably in 282 BCE, recovered its autonomous status. [1]
Tium was part of Kingdom of Bithynia , which on the death of King Nicomedes IV in 74 BC became a Roman province . [1] Emperor Theodosius I (379–392) incorporated it into Honorias , when he carved out this new province from portions of Bithynia and Paphlagonia and named it after his younger son Honorius . In 535, the Emperor Justinian united Honorias with Paphlagonia in a decree that expressly mentioned Tium among the cities that were affected. [9] There are coins of Tium as late as the reign of Gallienus , on which the ethnic name appears as Τιανοί, Τεῖοι, and Τειανοί. [10]
Its site is located near Filyos (formerly Hisarönü), Asiatic Turkey . [11] [12]
Bishopric
Tium was a bishopric from at least the 4th century, a suffragan of Claudiopolis , capital and metropolitan see of Honorias. [3]
Le Quien ( Oriens christianus , I, 575) mentions among its bishops: [13]
- Apragmonius at the First Council of Ephesus in 431;
- Andrew in 518;
- Eugenius in 536;
- Longinus at the Sixth General Council in 681;
- Michael at the Seventh General Council in 787;
- Constantine, at the Eighth General Council in 869 , and author of an account of the transfer of the relics of St. Euphemia of Chalcedon ( Acta Sanctorum , September, V, 274-83).
This see figures in all the Notitiae episcopatuum .
References
- 1 2 3 Ancient coinage of Bithynia
- ↑ William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology , "Leocritus"
- 1 2 William Anderson, "Late Byzantine occupation of the castle at Tios" in Anatolia Antiqua XVII (2009), pp. 265-277
- ↑ Miletos, the ornament of Ionia: a history of the city to 400 B.C.E. By Vanessa B. Gorman Page 70 ISBN 0-472-11199-X
- ↑ Strabo, Geography 5.3.8
- ↑ Homer . Iliad . Vol. 2.855.
- ↑ Memnon, ap. Phot. Cod. ccxxiv.
- ↑ Strabo . Geographica . Vol. 5.3.8. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon 's edition.
- ↑ Novella 29 of Justinian
- ↑ Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Tius". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray.
- ↑ Richard Talbert , ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World . Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying.
- ↑ Lund University . Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire .
- ↑ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus , Paris 1740, Tomus I, coll. 575-576]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Amastris". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray.
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41°33′41″N 32°01′23″E / 41.561257°N 32.023112°E / 41.561257; 32.023112