Taiwanese Braille
Braille script used in Taiwan for Standard Mandarin
Taiwanese Braille
⠅
⠒
⠂
⠳
⠈
⠀
⠙
⠞
⠈
⠓
⠱
⠐
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Script type | |
Print basis
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Zhuyin |
Languages | Standard Mandarin |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems
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Night writing
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Taiwanese Braille is the braille script used in Taiwan for Taiwanese Mandarin ( Guoyu ). [1] Although based marginally on international braille , most consonants have been reassigned; [2] also, like Chinese Braille , Taiwanese Braille is a semi-syllabary .
An example is,
國 | 語 | 點 | 字 | 記 | 號 | |||||||||||
ㄍ | ㄨㄛ | ˊ | ㄩ | ˇ | ㄉ | ㄧㄢ | ˇ | ㄗ | ㄭ | ˋ | ㄐ | ㄧ | ˋ | ㄏ | ㄠ | ˋ |
guó | yǔ | diǎn | zì | jì | hào |
Charts
Initials
Zhuyin | ㄅ | ㄆ | ㄇ | ㄈ | ㄉ | ㄊ | ㄋ | ㄌ | ㄍ | ㄎ | ㄏ | ㄐ | ㄑ | ㄒ | ㄓ | ㄔ | ㄕ | ㄖ | ㄗ | ㄘ | ㄙ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | b | p | m | f | d | t | n | l | g | k | h | j | q | x | zh | ch | sh | r | z | c | s |
Braille |
The braille letters for zhuyin/pinyin ㄍ g ( /k/ ), ㄘ c ( /tsʰ/ ), and ㄙ s ( /s/ ) double for the alveolo-palatal consonants ㄐ j ( /tɕ/ ), ㄑ q ( /tɕʰ/ ), and ㄒ x ( /ɕ/ ). [3] The latter are followed by close front vowels, namely ㄧ i ( /i/ ) and ㄩ ü ( /y/ ), so the distinction between g, c, s (or z, k, h ) and j, q, x in zhuyin and pinyin is redundant.
Medial + rime
Each medial + rime in zhuyin is written with a single letter in braille.
⠱ is used for both the empty rime -i ( [ɨ] ), which is not written in zhuyin, and the rime ㄦ er ( [ɐɚ] ). See for example 斯 sī ( ⠑ ⠱ ⠄ ) located above the word Daguerre in the image at right.
Tone Marks
Tone : | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhuyin | — | ˊ | ˇ | ˋ | ˙ |
Pinyin | ˉ | ˊ | ˇ | ˋ | — |
Braille | ⠄ | ⠂ | ⠈ | ⠐ | ⠁ |
Tone is always marked. [4] This includes toneless syllables such as 了 le , rendered ⠉ ⠮ ⠁ lė in the image above-right.
Punctuation marks
。 ・ | , | ; | 、 | ? | ! | : | |
Braille | ⠤ | ⠆ | ⠰ | ⠠ | ⠕ | ⠇ | ⠒ ⠒ |
__ | ﹏﹏ | …… | — | —— —— | ※ | ◎ | |
Braille | ⠰ ⠰ | ⠠ ⠤ | ⠐ ⠐ ⠐ | ⠐ ⠂ | ⠐ ⠂ ⠐ ⠂ | ⠈ ⠼ | ⠪ ⠕ |
「 ... 」 | 『 ... 』 | ( ... ) | 〔 ... 〕 | { ... } | |
Braille | ⠰ ⠤ ... ⠤ ⠆ | ⠦ ⠦ ... ⠴ ⠴ | ⠪ ... ⠕ | ⠯ ... ⠽ | ⠦ ... ⠴ |
References
- ↑ Not for Taiwanese Hokkien , which commonly goes by the name "Taiwanese"
- ↑ Only p m d n g c a e ê ü (from p m d n k j ä è dropped-e ü) approximate the French norm. Other letters have been reassigned so that the sets of letters in groups such as d t n l and g k h are similar in shape.
- ↑ [sic] One might expect ㄐ j ( /tɕ/ ) to pair with ㄗ z ( /ts/ ), by analogy with the others. Compare here , where the character 學 xué is rendered ⠑ ⠦ ⠂ "süé". Historically it could have been either. The principal behind the assignments seems to be that, of the historically appropriate pairs of letters g~z, k~c, and h~s , the letter with the fewer dots is used for j, q, x .
- ↑ "JAPANESE BRAILLE. : languagehat.com" . languagehat.com . Retrieved 2022-02-27 .
- ↑ 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 74 ff
External links
Braille
⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
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