Osteosclerosis
Condition in which bones are abnormally hardened, with elevated density
Osteosclerosis | |
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Sclerosis of the bones of the pelvis due to prostate cancer metastases | |
Specialty | Medical genetics |
Osteosclerosis is a disorder that is characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. [1] [2] It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis. Localized osteosclerosis can be caused by Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease , sickle-cell disease and osteoarthritis among others. Osteosclerosis can be classified in accordance with the causative factor into acquired and hereditary. [2] [1]
Types
Acquired osteosclerosis
- Osteogenic bone metastasis caused by carcinoma of prostate and breast
- Paget's disease of bone
- Myelofibrosis (primary disorder or secondary to intoxication or malignancy)
- Osteosclerosing types of chronic osteomyelitis
- Hypervitaminosis D
- hyperparathyroidism
- Schnitzler syndrome [3]
- Mastocytosis [4]
- Monoclonal IgM Kappa cryoglobulinemia [5]
- Hepatitis C . [6]
Hereditary osteosclerosis
- Malignant infantile osteopetrosis [7]
- Neuropathic infantile osteopetrosis
- Infantile osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis
- Infantile osteopetrosis with immunodeficiency
- IO with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (LAD-III)
- Intermediate osteopetrosis
- Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg)
- Pyknodysostosis (osteopetrosis acro-osteolytica) [2]
- Osteopoikilosis ( Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome ) [2]
- Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis [2]
- Mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia
- Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia ( Camurati–Engelmann disease ) [2]
- SOST -related sclerosing bone dysplasias
-
Sclerosis of the bones of the thoracic spine due to prostate cancer metastases (CT image)
-
Sclerosis of the bones of the thoracic spine due to prostate cancer metastases (CT image)
Diagnosis
Osteosclerosis can be detected with a simple radiography. There are white portions of the bone which appear due to the increased number of bone trabeculae . [ citation needed ]
Animals
In the animal kingdom, there also exists a non-pathological form of osteosclerosis, resulting in unusually solid bone structure with little to no marrow. It is often seen in aquatic vertebrates , especially those living in shallow waters, [8] providing ballast as an adaptation for an aquatic lifestyle. It makes bones heavier, but also more fragile. In those animal groups, osteosclerosis often occurs together with bone thickening ( pachyostosis ). This joint occurrence is called pachyosteosclerosis . [9]
See also
References
-
1
2
EL-Sobky TA, Elsobky E, Sadek I, Elsayed SM, Khattab MF (2016).
"A case of infantile osteopetrosis: The radioclinical features with literature update"
.
Bone Rep
.
4
: 11–16.
doi
:
10.1016/j.bonr.2015.11.002
.
PMC
4926827
.
PMID
28326337
.
{{ cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) -
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ihde LL, Forrester DM, Gottsegen CJ, Masih S, Patel DB, Vachon LA; et
al. (2011).
"Sclerosing bone dysplasias: Review and differentiation from other causes of osteosclerosis"
.
RadioGraphics
.
31
(7): 1865–82.
doi
:
10.1148/rg.317115093
.
PMID
22084176
.
{{ cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) - ↑ Niederhauser, BD; Dingli, D; Kyle, RA; Ringler, MD (July 2014). "Imaging findings in 22 cases of Schnitzler syndrome: characteristic para-articular osteosclerosis, and the "hot knees" sign differential diagnosis". Skeletal Radiology . 43 (7): 905–15. doi : 10.1007/s00256-014-1857-y . PMID 24652142 . S2CID 1597002 .
- ↑ Orsolini, Giovanni; Viapiana, Ombretta; Rossini, Maurizio; Bonifacio, Massimiliano; Zanotti, Roberta (August 2018). "Bone Disease in Mastocytosis" . Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America . 38 (3): 443–454. doi : 10.1016/j.iac.2018.04.013 . PMID 30007462 .
- ↑ Soubrier, M; Dubost, JJ; Jouanel, P; Tridon, A; Flori, B; Leguille, C; Ristori, JM; Bussière, JL (1994). "[Multiple complications of monoclonal IgM]". La Revue de Médecine Interne . 15 (7): 484–6. doi : 10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81474-2 . PMID 7938961 .
- ↑ Fiore CE, Riccobene S, Mangiafico R, Santoro F, Pennisi P (2005). "Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis (HCAO): report of a new case with involvement of the OPG/RANKL system" (PDF) . Osteoporos Int . 16 (12): 2180–4. doi : 10.1007/s00198-005-1858-8 . PMID 15983730 . S2CID 39008572 .
-
↑
EL-Sobky TA, El-Haddad A, Elsobky E, Elsayed SM, Sakr HM (2017).
"Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"
.
Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med
.
48
(1): 237–43.
doi
:
10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013
.
{{ cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) - ↑ Houssaye, A. (2009). "Pachyostosis" in aquatic amniotes: a review. Integrative Zoology 4(4): 325-340.
- ↑ Crowell, Madelyn Galimore; Rahmat, Sulman; Koretsky, Irina (2020). "Correlation of Bone Density in Semi‐Aquatic and Aquatic Animals with Ecological and Dietary Specializations" . The FASEB Journal . Wiley. 34 (S1): 1. doi : 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.01860 . ISSN 0892-6638 . S2CID 218789355 .
External links
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Combined |
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Osteodysplasia
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osteodystrophy |
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Chondrodysplasia
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chondrodystrophy (including dwarfism ) |
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