Moselle Romance
Extinct Gallo-Romance dialect of the Moselle valley, Germany
Moselle Romance | |
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Native to | Germany |
Region | Along the Moselle River near France |
Extinct | 11th century |
Early forms
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Old Latin
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Latin_Europe.png/400px-Latin_Europe.png)
Moselle Romance ( German : Moselromanisch ; French : Roman de la Moselle ) is an extinct Gallo-Romance (most probably Langue d'oïl ) dialect that developed after the fall of the Roman Empire along the Moselle river in modern-day Germany , near the border with France . It was part of a wider group of Romance relic areas within the German-speaking territory. [2] Despite heavy Germanic influence, it persisted in isolated pockets until the 11th century. [3]
Historical background
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LocatieMoezel.png/350px-LocatieMoezel.png)
After Julius Caesar conquered Gaul in 50 BC, a Gallo-Roman culture gradually developed in what is today France, southern Belgium, Luxembourg , and the region between Trier and Koblenz . By contrast, the adjacent province of Germania Inferior and part of Germania Superior retained a Germanic character throughout the Imperial period.
Emergence
The Angles and Saxons , en route to England from their ancestral lands in the western Netherlands and Germany , carved a path through Holland , Flanders , and Brabant and sent the local Franks fleeing southeast along the Ourthe and Sauer rivers to the region around Metz and the Upper Moselle . This drove a sixty-kilometer wedge between the Gallo-Romans in the Trier-Koblenz area and their linguistic brethren in the rest of Gaul . [ citation needed ]
Judging by the archeological evidence, these newly arrived Franks practiced farming and animal husbandry about Bitburg , Gutland , the Middle and Upper Saar, and the Moselle Valley – strongly preferring these last two over the others. [ citation needed ]
According to linguist Alberto Varvaro the linguistic frontier between German and Latin populations around the 13th century was similar to the present language frontier, but only a few years before there still was a "remaining area of neolatin speakers" in the valleys of the Mosella river (near old Roman Treviri ). [4]
Decline
The local Gallo-Roman placenames suggest that the left bank of the Moselle was Germanized following the 8th century, but the right bank remained Romance-speaking into at least the 10th century. Said names include Maring-Noviand , Osann-Monzel , Longuich , Riol , Hatzenport , Longkamp , Karden , and Kröv or Alf . This being a wine-growing region, a number of viticultural terms from Moselle Romance have survived in the local German dialect. [3]
Features
The following Late Latin inscription from the sixth century is assumed to show influence from early Moselle Romance:
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Hoc tetolo fecet Montana, coniux sua, Mauricio, qui visit con elo annus dodece; et portavit annus qarranta; trasit die VIII K(a)l(endas) Iunias.
"For Mauricius his wife Montana who lived with him for twelve years made this gravestone; he was forty years old and died on the 25th of May." [5]
A Latin text from the 9th century written in the monastery of Prüm by local monks contains several Vulgar Latin terms which are attested only in modern Gallo-Romance languages , especially northeastern French and Franco-Provençal , such materiamen 'timber' or porritum 'chives'. Based on evidence from toponyms and loanwords into Moselle Franconian dialects, the latest detectable form of Moselle Romance can be classified as a Langue d'oïl dialect. This can seen e.g. in the placenames Kasnode < * cassanētu and Roveroth < * roburētu , which display a characteristic change of Vulgar Latin stressed /e/ in open syllables. [6]
See also
References
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022). "Oil" . Glottolog . Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology . Archived from the original on 8 October 2022 . Retrieved 7 October 2022 .
- ↑ Haubrichs, Wolfgang (2003). "Die verlorene Romanität im deutschen Sprachraum" . In Gerhard Ernst; Martin-Dietrich Gleßgen; Christian Schmitt; Wolfgang Schweickard (eds.). Romanische Sprachgeschichte . Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 695–709. ISBN 9783110194128 .
- 1 2 Post, Rudolf (2004). "Zur Geschichte und Erforschung des Moselromanischen" . Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter . 68 : 1–35. ISSN 0035-4473 .
- ↑ Alberto Varvaro."Federiciana". Treccani Enciclopedia ( )
- ↑ Johannes Kramer : Zwischen Latein und Moselromanisch. Die Gondorfer Grabinschrift für Mauricius . In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Bd. 118 (1997) S. 281–286, ISSN 0084-5388 (PDF; 292 kB)
- ↑ Pitz, Martina (2008). "Zu Genese und Lebensdauer der romanischen Sprachinseln an Mosel und Mittelrhein" . In Greule, Albrecht (ed.). Studien zu Literatur, Sprache und Geschichte in Europa: Wolfgang Haubrichs zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet . St. Ingbert: Röhrig Universitätsverlag. pp. 439–450. ISBN 9783861104360 .
- Wolfgang Jungandreas : Zur Geschichte des Moselromanischen. Studien zur Lautchronologie und zur Winzerlexik (Mainzer Studien zur Sprach- und Volksforschung; 3). Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1979, ISBN 3-515-03137-5 .
Gallo-Romance languages
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Francoprovencalic |
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