Moscow Armistice
1944 peace treaty between the USSR and Finland which ended the Continuation War
![]()
The areas ceded by
Finland
to the
Soviet Union
after the
Continuation War
.
Porkkala
was returned to Finland in 1956.
[1]
|
|
Type | Bilateral treaty |
---|---|
Signed | 19 September 1944 ( 1944-09-19 ) |
Location | Moscow , Russian SFSR , USSR |
Parties | |
Ratifiers |
|
The Moscow Armistice was signed between Finland on one side and the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the Continuation War . [2] The Armistice restored the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940, with a number of modifications.
The final peace treaty between Finland and many of the Allies was signed in Paris in 1947.
Conditions for peace
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/End_of_Soviet_Finland_war_1944.jpg/220px-End_of_Soviet_Finland_war_1944.jpg)
The conditions for peace were similar to what had been agreed in the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940: Finland was obliged to cede parts of Karelia and Salla , as well as certain islands in the Gulf of Finland . The new armistice also handed all of Petsamo to the Soviet Union, and Finland was further compelled to lease Porkkala to the Soviet Union for a period of fifty years (the area was returned to Finnish control in 1956). [1] Territories ceded to the Soviet Union, still under the control of Russia, constitute approximately 11.50% (44,106.23 Sq Km) of Finland's original territory (382,561.23 Sq Km) prior to the Winter War and the Continuation War as dictated by the Treaty of Tartu.
Other conditions included Finnish payment of nearly $300,000,000 ($ 5 billion in today's US dollars) in the form of various commodities over six years to the Soviet Union as war reparations . [3] Finland also agreed to legalise the Communist Party of Finland (after it had made some changes to the party rules) and ban parties that the Soviet Union considered fascist . [4] Further, the individuals that the Soviets considered responsible for the war had to be arrested and put on trial , the best-known case being that of Risto Ryti . [5] The armistice compelled Finland to drive German troops from its territory, leading to a military campaign in Lapland .
Surrendered territory
English Name | Finnish Name | Russian Cyrillic Name | Sq Km | Sq Miles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Petsamo | Petsamo | Печенгский | 10,470 | 6,505.76 |
Janiskoski-Niskakoski | Jäniskoski-Niskakoski | Янискоски-Нискакоски | 176 | 109.36 |
Antrea | Antrea | Каменногорск | 486.4 | 302.23 |
Harlu | Harlu | Харлу | 252.6 | 156.96 |
Heinjoki | Heinjoki | Хейнйоки | 342.1 | 212.57 |
Hiitola | Hiitola | Хийтола | 464 | 288.32 |
Impilahti | Impilahti | Импилахти | 904 | 561.72 |
Jaakima | Jaakima | Яккима | 501.9 | 311.87 |
Johannes | Johannes | Советский | 217.6 | 135.21 |
Kanneljarvi | Kanneljärvi | Победа | 246.3 | 153.04 |
Kaukola | Kaukola | Севастьяново | 293.7 | 182.5 |
Kirvu | Kirvu | Свободное | 695.22 | 432 |
Kivennapa | Kivennapa | Первомайское | 650.52 | 404.21 |
Koiviston | Koiviston | Койвистон | 283.1 | 175.91 |
Kuolemajarvi | Kuolemajärvi | Пионерское | 400 | 248.55 |
Kurkijoki | Kurkijoki | Куркийоки | 539.5 | 335.23 |
Kakisalmen | Käkisalmen | Какисалмен | 188.54 | 117.15 |
Lumivaara | Lumivaara | Лумиваара | 292.4 | 181.69 |
Metsapirtii | Metsäpirtti | Метсапиртти | 186.9 | 116.13 |
Muolaa | Muolaa | Муолаа | 750.02 | 466.04 |
Pyhajarvi | Pyhäjärvi | Пюхаярви | 522 | 324.35 |
Rautu | Rautu | Рауту | 339.6 | 211.02 |
Ruskeala | Ruskeala | Рускеала | 519 | 322.49 |
Raisala | Räisälä | Райсала | 492.95 | 306.30 |
Sakkola | Sakkola | Саккола | 349.4 | 217.11 |
Salmi | Salmi | Салми | 1,423 | 884.21 |
Soanlahti | Soanlahti | Соанлахти | 504 | 313.17 |
Sortavalan | Sortavalan | Сортавалан | 690.88 | 429.3 |
Suistamo | Suistamo | Суистамо | 1,623.80 | 1009 |
Suojarvi | Suojärvi | Суоярви | 3,688.40 | 2,292 |
Terijoki | Terijoki | Терийоки | 122.42 | 76.07 |
Uusikirkko | Uusikirkko | Уусикиркко | 641.70 | 398.73 |
Valkjarvi | Valkjärvi | Валкъярви | 400 | 248.55 |
Viipurin | Viipurin | Выборг | 613.93 | 381.48 |
Vuoksela | Vuoksela | Вуоксела | 135 | 83.88 |
Vuoksenranta | Vuoksenranta | Вуоксенранта | 300.22 | 186.55 |
Ayrapaa | Äyräpää | Äyräpää | 205.7 | 127.82 |
See also
- Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940
- Allied Control Commission (Finland)
- Finlandization
- Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces
- Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944
- King Michael's Coup
- Karelian question , contemporary debate on the status of the ceded territories
References
- 1 2 "Return of Porkkala by Soviets 50 years ago had strings attached" . Helsingin Sanomat . 25 January 2006.
- ↑ Armistice Agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,on the one hand, and Finland on the other
- ↑ "HS Home 3.9.2002 – Last war reparation train crossed Finnish-Soviet border 50 years ago" . 2012-02-06. Archived from the original on 2012-02-06 . Retrieved 2022-09-19 .
- ↑ (in Finnish) Jukka Nevakivi (2006) Jatkosodasta nykypäivään. (From Continuation War to Today. In: Suomen poliittinen historia 1809–2006. WSOY, Helsinki
- ↑ Jakobson, Max (former Finnish Ambassador to the UN) Finnish wartime leaders on trial for "war guilt" 60 years ago Helsingin Sanomat International edition, 28 October 2005
Further reading
- Malbone W. Graham. (1945). "Armistices – 1944 Style". The American Journal of International Law 39 , 2: 286–95.