Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
Military court of the Soviet Union
The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union ( Russian : Военная коллегия Верховного суда СССР, Voennaya kollegiya Verkhovnogo suda SSSR ) was created in 1924 by the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union as a court for the higher military and political personnel of the Red Army and Fleet . [1] In addition it was an immediate supervisor of military tribunals and the supreme authority of military appeals .
During 1926–1948 the Chairman of the Collegium was Vasiliy Ulrikh . [2]
The role of the Military Collegium drastically changed after June 1934, when it was assigned the duty to consider cases that fell under Article 58 , counter-revolutionary activity.
During the Great Purge of 1937–1938 the Military Collegium tried relatively prominent figures, usually based on the lists approved personally by Joseph Stalin , [3] the majority of Article 58 cases having been processed extrajudicially by NKVD troikas . In particular, the Military Collegium conducted the major Soviet show trials . [4]
The Collegium was also involved in a subsequent trial of Polish General Leopold Okulicki , the last commander of the Polish Home Army , and Jan Stanisław Jankowski , Government Delegate for Poland . [5]
Chairmen
- 1923–1926: Valentin Trifonov
- 1926–1948: Vasiliy Ulrikh
- 1948–1957: Aleksandr Cheptsov
- 1957–1964: V. V. Borisoglebskiy
- 1964–1971: N.F. Chistyakov
See also
- Ministry of Justice of the Soviet Union
- Stalin's shooting lists
- Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of Russia
- Solovetsky Stone , a memorial to victims of Soviet repression, many of whom were executed under orders from the Military Collegium
References
- ↑ Terrill, Richard J. (2013). World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey . Routledge. ISBN 9781455725892 .
- ↑ "Moscow Trials 1936, August 23 (Evening session)" .
- ↑ Jansen, Marc; Petrov, Nikita (2006). "Mass terror and the court: The Military Collegium of the USSR" . Europe-Asia Studies . 58 (4): 589–602. doi : 10.1080/09668130600652159 . S2CID 53468990 .
- ↑ Erickson, John (2013-07-04). The Soviet High Command: A Military-political History, 1918-1941: A Military Political History, 1918-1941 . Routledge. ISBN 9781136339523 .
- ↑ "General Leopold Okulicki (From the left) and Jan Stanisław Jankowski heard before the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R" .
This Soviet Union –related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . |