Métis French
Canadian French variety of the Métis people
Métis French | |
---|---|
Le français métis | |
Native to | Saskatchewan , Alberta , Manitoba |
Ethnicity | Métis people |
Native speakers
|
(undated figure of <100) [1] [2] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
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Métis French ( French : français métis ), along with Michif and Bungi , is one of the traditional languages of the Métis people , and the French -dialect source of Michif. [3]
Features
Métis French is a variety of Canadian French with some added characters such as Ññ , Áá , Óó , and Ææ (from older French spellings) (example, il ñá ócun nævus sur ce garçon English: "there is no birthmark on this boy") and words loaned from indigenous languages such as Ojibwe , Beaver and Cree .
Like Michif, Métis French is spoken in Manitoba and North Dakota and adjacent provinces or states. As a general rule, Métis individuals speak one or the other, rarely both. Métis French and Michif share a common phonology and morphosyntax for the noun phrase but differ as to their sources for the verb phrase which is Ojibwe - Cree based in Michif, French -based in Métis French. Examples of this loaning can be found in words such as cacúare French pronunciation: [qɑˈkwɑʁ] from the Cree word, kakwe "to try/attempt" which maintains its Cree meaning with the additional colloquial use of "to wander" as in il á cacúu là English: "he wandered there" which suggests that the subject wandered with little control of his own feet; in the word ttonne French pronunciation: [tʼɔn] meaning "wolf" or "loyal" (in a pack-like sense) when used as an adjective from the word for wolf in Beaver, ch'one or in the words jaganache French pronunciation: [ʒagɑ̃ʃ] meaning "white/non-Métis" person from the Ojibwe word zhaganash and minapæ French pronunciation: [mɛ̃nape] from the Cree word for "good person", miyo-nâpêw though in Métis French it is closer to the word "mec" (guy) and implies that the word refers someone that the speaker knows personally.
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
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See also
References
Citations
- ↑ "Aboriginal peoples and language" .
- ↑ http://www.metismuseum.ca/media/db/00735
- ↑ Bakker. (1997: 85).
Bibliography
- Bakker, Peter. A language of our own: the genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language .
- Douaud, Patrick C. 1980. "Métis: A case of triadic linguistic economy." Anthropological Linguistics 22.392 – 414.
- – – – . 1983. "An example of suprasegmental convergence." International Journal of American Linguistics 49.91 – 93.
- – – – . 1985. Ethnolinguistic profile of the Canadian Métis . Ottawa: National Museum of Man, Mercury Series 99. (in French)
- Edwards, John R. Language in Canada .
- Jackson, Michael. 1974. " Aperçu de tendances phonétiques du parler français en Saskatchewan. " Revue canadienne de linguistique 19.121 – 33. (in French)
- Lincoln, Neville J. Phonology of the Métis French dialect of St. Paul, Alberta . University of Alberta in Edmonton Thesis.
- Lussier, Antoine S. 1980. " Un métis écrit une lettre. " The other natives: Les Métis , ed. A. Lussier & B. Sealy, 3.167 – 70. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis Federation Press. (in French)
- Papen, Robert. 1979. " Le parler français des métis de Batoche. " Département de linguistique, Université du Québec à Montréal. (in French)
- – – – . 1984. " Quelques remarques sur un parler français méconnu de l'Ouest canadien: le métis. " Revue québécoise de linguistique ( Université du Québec à Montréal ) 14:1.113 – 139. (in French)
- – – – . 1993. " La variation dialectale dans le parler français des Métis de l'Ouest canadien. " Francophonies des Amériques 3.25 – 38. (in French)
- – – – . 1998. " Le parler français des Métis de l’Ouest canadien. " Frangais d'Amirique: Variation, criolisation, normalisation , ed. P. Brasseur, 147 – 161. Avignon: CECAV. (in French)
- – – – . 1998. "French: Canadian varieties." Language in Canada , ed. J. Edwards, 160 – 176. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (in French)
- – – – . 2004. " Sur quelques aspects structuraux du français des Métis de l’Ouest canadien. " Variation et francophonie , ed. A. Coveney & C. Sanders. Paris: L’Harmattan. (in French)
- – – – . 2004. " Les troub’ : une analyse linguistique d’un texte oral en français des Métis. " Cahiers franco-canadiens de l’Ouest , Numéro spécial sur les Métis , vol. 14. (in French)
- Préfontaine, R. 1980. " Le parler métis. " The other natives: Les Métis , ed. A. Lussier & B. Sealy, 3.162 – 66. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis Federation Press. (in French)
- Thogmartin, Clyde. 1974. "The phonology of three varieties of French in Manitoba." Orbis 23.335 – 49.
- Wittmann, Henri. 1995. " Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois. " Le français des Amériques , ed. Robert Fournier & Henri Wittmann, 281 – 334. Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières. (in French)
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