Marsi (Germanic tribe)
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The Marsi ( German : Marser ) were a small Germanic tribe settled between the Rhine , Ruhr and Lippe rivers in northwest Germany. It has been suggested that they were a part of the Sugambri who managed to stay east of the Rhine after most Sugambri had been moved from this area. [1] Strabo describes the Marsi as an example of a Germanic tribe who were originally from the Rhine area, now the war-torn Roman frontier, but had migrated deep into Germania. [2]
History
Tacitus mentions them repeatedly, in particular in the context of the wars of Germanicus . They had been part of the tribal coalition of the Cheruscian war leader and traitor to Rome, Arminius that in 9 AD annihilated three Roman legions under Varus in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest . Germanicus, seeking revenge for this defeat, invaded the lands of the Marsi in 14 AD with 12,000 legionnaires, 26 cohorts of auxiliaries and eight cavalry squadrons. The Marsi were massacred during a festival near a temple dedicated to Tamfana . According to Tacitus , an area of 50 Roman miles was laid to waste with fire and sword: "No sex, no age found pity." [3] One Legion Eagle was recovered from the Marsi during the campaign of 16 AD. [4]
Several town names today are often seen as reminders of the ancient Marsi, especially Marsberg with its quarter Obermarsberg in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia and Volkmarsen in northern Hesse . [ citation needed ] But the early versions of the name Marsberg are Eresburg within the Royal Frankish Annals and Heresburg within The Deeds of the Saxons by Widukind of Corvey . [5] Volkmarsen is first mentioned in 1155 as Volkmaressen, [6] which derives from Volkmarshusen and means "at the houses of Volkmar ". [7]
Leaders of the Marsi
- Mallovendus , ca. 15 CE [8]
Literature
- Beatrix Günnewig, Günter Neumann: Marsen . In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Bd. 19. Berlin 2001, S. 361ff. (in German)
- Ralf G. Jahn: Der Römisch–Germanische Krieg (9-16 n. Chr.) . Dissertation University Bonn 2001. (in German)
See also
References
- ↑ J. N. Lanting & J. van der Plicht (Dec 15, 2010). "De ¹⁴C Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI" . Palaeohistoria . Barkhuis. 51/52 . Retrieved 2015-04-25 .
- ↑ Strabo, Geographia 7.1
- ↑ Tacitus, Annals 1, 51.
- ↑ The Works of Tacitus , Volume 1, The Annals , London: Bohn, 1854, Book 1, chapter 60, p. 42 .
- ↑ Eva Cichy: Die Eresburg, Marsberg-Obermarsberg, Hochsauerlandkreis. (= Altertumskommission für Westfalen (publisher): Frühe Burgen in Westfalen. Bd. 36), 2. überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage, Münster 2016, S. 1–7.
- ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch 5,1: Papsturkunden Westfalens bis zum Jahre 1304, S. 37 Nr. 104.
- ↑ Birgit Meineke: Die Ortsnamen des Kreises Paderborn. (= Kirsten Casemir, Jürgen Udolph (publisher): Westfälisches Ortsnamenbuch (WOB). , Vol. 12) Bielefeld 2018, S. 498-499.
- ↑ Tacitus, Annals , I.25 (Tacitus mentions Mallovendus as leader of the Marsi)
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