Mailuan languages
Family of language
Mailuan | |
---|---|
Cloudy Bay | |
Geographic
distribution |
Southeastern peninsula of
Papua New Guinea
:
Central Province |
Linguistic classification |
Trans–New Guinea
|
Glottolog | mail1249 |
The Mailuan or Cloudy Bay languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Cloudy Bay in the " Bird's Tail " (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans – New Guinea.
Languages
The languages, which all share about half of their vocabulary, are,
Bauwaki–O'oku is closely related to the Mailuan languages.
Classification
Dutton (1971) said Bauwaki was a link to the Yareban languages . It has greater lexical similarity with Aneme Wake (Yareban) than the closest Mailuan language, Domu. Usher (2020) classifies Mailuan, Bauwaki and Yareban together. [1]
Magi shows evidence of language shift from an Oceanic language in many Oceanic words.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the proto-Mailuan–Yareban pronouns as: [1]
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sg du pl 1excl *na *ge 1incl *gu *i 2 *ga *ja 3 *e *ema
Ross (1995) reconstructs the Mailuan pronouns as:
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sg du pl 1 *i *gu- *ge 2 *ga *[j]a *[j]a, *mee 3 *emu
Vocabulary comparison
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The following basic vocabulary words are from Thomson (1975) [2] and various SIL field notes, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [3]
gloss | Bauwaki | Binahari | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | Mailu [4] | Mailu (Delebai dialect) | Mailu (Asiaoro dialect) | Mailu (Baibara dialect) | Mailu (Geagea dialect) | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | Mailu (Delebai dialect) | Mailu (Domara dialect) | Mailu (Darava dialect) | Morawa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | awara | sol | ilolo | moru; uru | moru | moru | moru | ioru | ilolo | moru | moru | moru | din |
hair | i'iri | git | liʔimu | limuu | ʔuru | liʔimu | limuʔu | ʔuru | liʔimu | ʔuru | ʔuru | ʔuru | bo |
ear | ome | ofi | ʔope | ope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ope |
eye | ni'aba | ni | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | nikaba |
nose | iru | lilim | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | dunun |
tooth | ni'o | maʔa | maʔa | gagina; maa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | ma'akisa |
tongue | meana | koba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba |
leg | doboro | aᵘ | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | au | |
louse | kuma | uma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma |
dog | wa'ai | waʔaⁱ | dari | waai | waʔai | dari | waʔai | dari | dari | waʔai | dari | waʔai | va'ai |
pig | boro | boro | talae | boraʔa | boraʔa | boraʔa | boraʔa | talae | boraʔa | natu | boraʔa | ||
bird | adau | adaᵘ | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | adau |
egg | baka | ulim | muruʔu | muruu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | unimi |
blood | dana | lala | lala | lala | lala | lala | lala | lala | lala | lala | |||
bone | i sa | gisa | kisa | kisa | kisa | tara | kisa | kisa | kisa | kisa | iriga | kisa | |
skin | ofe | ofi | ʔopi | opi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ubu |
breast | ama | ⁱama | ama | hama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama |
tree | ana | ʔana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | |
man | eme | ɛmɛkʰ | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | emegi |
woman | aveka | aveha | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | aveha | |
sky | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | |||
sun | evaka | budiwa | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | rina | |
moon | manabe | debaʔaʰ | dovele | dovele | dovele | dovele | dovele | dovele | deveni | ||||
water | ya'a | yaʔah | ʔaʔama | aʔaʔma; mami | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ya'ama |
fire | yo | kɛu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | badau | eu | eu |
stone | oma | bagᵃ | gomana | budi; gomagomana; nabua | gomana | gomana | gomana | gomana | gomana | korau | gomana | korao | |
road, path | da'aba | legaʰ | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | nara |
name | ibi | im | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | |
eat | isi | kihi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | ʔiʔa | isiisi | isi |
one | dim dai | opmigau | ʔomu | omu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | obumiya |
two | yara | haᵘřa | ʔava | ava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | hauna |
Additional word lists can be found in Ray (1938). [5]
Evolution
Mailuan reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: [6]
- ama ‘breast’ < *amu
- maa ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
- kisa ‘bone’ < *kondaC
- tupa ‘short’ < *tu(p,mb)a(C)
- guia ‘ cassowary ’ < *ku(y)a
- baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
- idi ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
- (ine) ibi ‘name’ < *imbi
- iini - ‘sleep’ < *kin(i,u)-
References
- 1 2 3 New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- ↑ Thomson, N.P. "The Dialects of Magi". In Conrad, R., Dye, W., Thomson, N. and Bruce Jr., L. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 18. A-40:37-90. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi : 10.15144/PL-A40.37
- ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea" . Retrieved 2020-11-05 .
- ↑ Saville, W. J. V. 1912. A Grammar of the Mailu Language, Papua. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 42: 397-436.
- ↑ Ray, Sidney H. 1938. The languages of the Eastern and South-Eastern Division of Papua. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 68: 153–208.
- ↑ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide . The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7 .
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley ; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples . Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622 . OCLC 67292782 .
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