List of inventors
None
None
This is a list of notable inventors .
Alphabetical list
A
- Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986), Russia – camming devices , Abalakov thread (or V-thread), gearless ice climbing anchor
- Ernst Karl Abbe (1840–1905), Germany – Condenser (microscope) , apochromatic lens , refractometer
- Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932), USSR / Russia / Armenia – tricolor principle of the color television
- Samuel W. Alderson (1914–2005), U.S. – Crash test dummy
- Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982), Russia/France – Pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker )
- Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980), Russia/USSR – Ekranoplan
- Randi Altschul (born 1960), U.S. – Disposable cellphone
- Abram Alikhanov (1904–1970), Armenia/USSR – Soviet atomic bomb , nuclear reactor
- Bruce Ames (born 1928), U.S. – Ames test (Cell biology)
- Giovanni Battista Amici (1786–1863), Italy – Dipleidoscope , Amici prism
- Ruth Amos (born 1989), UK – StairSteady
- Mary Anderson (1866–1953), U.S. – windshield wiper blade
- Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), Japan – Instant noodles
- Hal Anger (1920–2005), U.S. – Well counter (radioactivity measurements), gamma camera
- Anders Knutsson Ångström (1888–1981), Sweden – Pyranometer
- Ottomar Anschütz (1846–1907), Germany – single-curtain focal-plane shutter , electrotachyscope
- Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe (1872–1931), Germany – Gyrocompass
- Virginia Apgar (1909–1974), U.S. – Apgar score (for newborn babies)
- Nicolas Appert (1749–1841), France – canning ( food preservation ) using glass bottles, see also Peter Durand
- Archimedes (c. 287–212 BC), Greece – Archimedes' screw
- Guido of Arezzo (c. 991–c. 1033), Italy – Guidonian notation , see musical notation and also staff (music)
- Ami Argand (1750–1803), France – Argand lamp
- William George Armstrong (1810–1900), UK – hydraulic accumulator
- Neil Arnott (1788–1874), UK – waterbed
- Emil Artin (1889–1962), Armenia/Austria/Germany – modern abstract algebra
- Joseph Aspdin (1788–1855), UK – Portland cement
- John Vincent Atanasoff (1903–1995), Bulgaria/U.S. – electronic digital computer
- Marcel Audiffren , France – refrigeration, patent
B
- Boris Babayan (born 1933), Armenia /USSR/Russia - superscalar computer
- Charles Babbage (1791–1871), UK – Analytical engine (semi-automatic)
- Tabitha Babbit (1779–1853), U.S. – Saw mill circular saw
- Victor Babeș (1854–1926), Romania – Babesia , the founder of serum therapy
- Leo Baekeland (1863–1944), Belgian –American – Velox photographic paper and Bakelite
- Ralph H. Baer (1922–2014), German born American – video game console
- Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917), Germany – Fluorescein , synthetic Indigo dye , Phenolphthalein
- John Logie Baird (1888–1946), Scotland – World's first working television , 26 January 1926 and electronic colour television
- Abi Bakr of Isfahan (c. 1235), Persia / Iran – mechanical geared astrolabe with lunisolar calendar
- George Ballas (1925–2011), U.S. – String trimmer
- Frederick Banting (1891–1941), Canada – Insulin
- Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944), Russia/France – Optophonic Piano
- John Barber (1734–1801), UK – gas turbine
- John Bardeen (1908–1991), U.S. – co-inventor of the transistor , with Brattain and Schockley
- Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993), Russia – first rocket launch complex ( spaceport )
- Anthony R. Barringer (1925–2009), Canada/U.S. – INPUT (Induced Pulse Transient) airborne electromagnetic system
- Earl W. Bascom (1906–1995), Canada/U.S. – rodeo bucking chute (1916 and 1919), rodeo bronc saddle (1922), rodeo bareback rigging (1924), rodeo riding chaps (1926)
- Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Russia – co-inventor of laser and maser
- Patricia Bath (1942–2019), U.S. - inventor of laser cataract surgery
- Émile Baudot (1845–1903), France – Baudot code
- Eugen Baumann (1846–1896), Germany – PVC
- Trevor Baylis (1937–2018), UK – a wind-up radio
- Maria Beasley (1847–1904), U.S. – barrel-hooping machine, improved life raft
- Francis Beaufort (1774–1857), Ireland/UK – Beaufort scale , Beaufort cipher
- Hans Beck (1929–2009), Germany – inventor of Playmobil toys
- Arnold O. Beckman (1900–2004), U.S. – electric pH meter
- Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927), Russia – Bekhterev's Mixture
- Josip Belušić (1847–1905), Croatia – electric speedometer
- Michael Bell (born 1938), together with Melanie Chartoff (born 1950), U.S. – a gray water recycling device for reuse of shower and sink water in the home
- Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), UK, Canada, and U.S. – telephone
- Nikolay Benardos (1842–1905), Russian Empire – arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding , the first arc welding method)
- Ruth R. Benerito (1916–2013), U.S. – Permanent press (no-iron clothing)
- Miriam Benjamin (1861–1947), Washington, D.C. – Gong and signal chair (adopted by House of Representatives and precursor to flight attendant signal system)
- William R. Bennett Jr. (1930–2008), together with Ali Javan (1926–2016), U.S./Iran – Gas laser (Helium-Neon)
- Melitta Bentz (1873–1950), Germany – paper Coffee filter
- Karl Benz (1844–1929), Germany – the petrol-powered automobile
- Hans Berger (1873–1941), Germany – first human EEG and its development
- Friedrich Bergius (1884–1949), Germany – Bergius process (synthetic fuel from coal)
- Emile Berliner (1851–1929), Germany and U.S. – the disc record gramophone
- Tim Berners-Lee (born 1955), UK – with Robert Cailliau , the World Wide Web
- Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907), France – Berthelot's reagent (chemistry)
- Heinrich Bertsch (1897–1981), Germany – first fully synthetic laundry detergent "Fewa" (chemistry)
- Charles Best (1899–1978), Canada – Insulin (chemistry)
- Max Bielschowsky (1869–1940), Germany – Bielschowsky stain (histology)
- Alfred Binet (1857–1911), France – with his student Théodore Simon (1872–1961), first practical Intelligence test
- Lucio Bini (1908–1964), together with Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963), Italy – Electroconvulsive therapy
- Gerd Binnig (born 1947), with Christoph Gerber , Calvin Quate and Heinrich Rohrer , Germany/Switzerland/U.S. – Atomic force microscope and Scanning tunneling microscope
- Clarence Birdseye (1886–1956), U.S. – Flash freezing
- László Bíró (1899–1985), Hungary – Ballpoint pen
- Thor Bjørklund (1889–1975), Norway – Cheese slicer
- J. Stuart Blackton (1875–1941), U.S. – Stop-motion film
- Otto Blathy (1860–1939), Hungary – co-inventor of the transformer , wattmeter , alternating current (AC) and turbogenerator
- John Blenkinsop (1783–1831), UK – Blenkinsop rack railway system
- Charles K. Bliss (1897–1985), Austro-Hungary/Australia – Blissymbols
- Katharine Burr Blodgett (1898–1979), U.S. – nonreflective glass
- Alan Blumlein (1903–1942), UK – stereo
- David Boggs (1950–2022), U.S. – Ethernet
- Nils Bohlin (1920–2002), Sweden – the three-point seat belt
- Sarah Boone (1832–1908), U.S. – improved ironing board design
- Charlie Booth (1903–2008), Australia – Starting blocks
- Sam Born (1891–1959), Russia/U.S. – lollipop -making machine
- Jagdish Chandra Bose (1858–1937), India – Crescograph
- Matthew Piers Watt Boulton (1820–1894), UK – aileron
- Seth Boyden (1788–1870), U.S. – nail-making machine
- Herbert Boyer (born 1936), together with Paul Berg (1926–2023), and Stanley Norman Cohen (1935–), U.S. – created first Genetically modified organism
- Willard Boyle (1924–2011) together with George E. Smith (born 1930), U.S. – Charge-coupled device (CCD)
- Hugh Bradner (1915–2008), U.S. – Wetsuit
- Louis Braille (1809–1852), France – Braille writing system , Braille musical notation
- Archie Brain (born 1942), UK – Laryngeal mask
- Jacques E. Brandenberger (1872–1954), Switzerland – Cellophane
- Édouard Branly (1844–1940), France – Coherer
- Charles F. Brannock (1903–1992), U.S. – Brannock Device (shoe size)
- Walter Houser Brattain (1902–1987), U.S. – co-inventor of the transistor
- Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850–1918), Germany – cathode-ray tube oscilloscope
- Wernher von Braun (1912–1977), Germany/U.S. – V-2 rocket , Saturn V rocket
- Stanislav Brebera (1925–2012), Czech Republic – Semtex explosive
- David Brewster (1781–1868), UK – Kaleidoscope
- Charles B. Brooks (1865–?), U.S. – first self-propelled street sweeping truck
- Rachel Fuller Brown (1898–1980), U.S. – Nystatin , the world's first antifungal antibiotic
- William C. Brown (1916–1999), U.S. – crossed-field amplifier
- Marie Van Brittan Brown (1922–1999), U.S. – home security system
- Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn (1853–1927), Germany – Taximeter
- Nikolay Brusentsov (1925–2014), USSR , Russia – ternary computer ( Setun )
- Dudley Allen Buck (1927–1959), U.S. – Cryotron , content-addressable memory
- Edwin Beard Budding (1795–1846), UK – lawnmower
- Gersh Budker (1918–1977), Russia – electron cooling , co-inventor of collider
- Edward Bull (1759–1798), England – Bull engine (a modified steam engine)
- Robert Bunsen (1811–1899), Germany – Bunsen burner
- Henry Burden (1791–1871), Scotland and U.S. – Horseshoe machine, first usable iron railroad spike
C
- Ve Elizabeth Cadie (1893–1956), U.S. – heat insulating handle for small home appliances
- Herminie Cadolle (1845–1926), France – modern brassiere
- Robert Cailliau (born 1947), Belgium – with Tim Berners-Lee , the World Wide Web
- Edward A. Calahan (1838–1912), U.S. – Stock ticker tape
- Nicholas Callan (1799–1864), Ireland – Induction coil
- Spéranza Calo-Séailles (1885–1949), Greece – "Lap" decorative concrete
- Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton (1863–1930), Scotland – Television
- Tullio Campagnolo (1901–1983), Italy – Quick release skewer
- Charles Cantor (born 1942), U.S. – Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (molecular biology)
- Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), together with Sir Martin John Evans (born 1941), and Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), U.S. – Gene targeting
- Roxey Ann Caplin (1793–1888), UK – Victorian -style corset
- Arturo Caprotti (1881–1938), Italy – Caprotti valve gear
- Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576), Italy – Cardan grille (cryptography)
- Philip Cardew (1851–1910), UK – Hot-wire galvanometer
- Chester Carlson (1906–1968), U.S. – Xerographic copier
- Wallace Carothers (1896–1937), U.S. – Nylon and Neoprene (together with Arnold Collins)
- Antonio Benedetto Carpano (1764–1815), Italy – Vermouth
- Mary P. Carpenter (1840–1900), U.S. – mosquito nets, mosquito traps
- Giovanni Caselli (1815–1891), Italy/France – Pantelegraph
- George Cayley (1773–1857), UK – tension-spoke wheels
- Anders Celsius (1701–1744), Sweden – Celsius temperature scale
- Vint Cerf (born 1943), together with Bob Kahn (1938–), U.S. – Internet Protocol (IP)
- Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963), together with Lucio Bini (1908–1964), Italy – Electroconvulsive therapy
- Leona Chalmers (fl 1937), U.S. – modern menstrual cup
- Charles Chamberland (1851–1908), France – Chamberland filter
- Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), together with Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), U.S./China – Combined oral contraceptive pill
- Thomas Chang (born 1933), Canada/China – Artificial cell
- Emmett Chapman (1936–2021), U.S. – Chapman Stick
- Claude Chappe (1763–1805), France – Semaphore line
- Melanie Chartoff (born 1950), together with Michael Bell (born 1938), U.S. – a gray water recycling device for reuse of shower and sink water in the home
- David Chaum (born 1955), U.S. – Digital signatures , ecash
- Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984), USSR – First space station ( Salyut )
- Joyce Chen (1917–1994), China – stir fry pan
- Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), USSR – Cherenkov detector
- Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?), Russia – pressure suit
- Alicia Chong Rodriguez – American engineer and inventor
- Ward Christensen (born 1945), U.S. – Bulletin board system
- Ole Kirk Christiansen (1891–1958), Denmark – Creator of Lego
- Samuel Hunter Christie (1784–1865), UK – Wheatstone bridge
- Juan de la Cierva (1895–1936), Spain – the autogyro
- Charles Clagget (1740–1795), UK – Improvements for musical instruments
- Leland Clark (1918–2005), U.S. – Clark electrode (medicine)
- Georges Claude (1870–1960), France – neon lamp
- Adelaide Claxton (fl 1860s–1890s), UK – ear caps
- Madame Clicquot Ponsardin (1777–1866), France – Champagne riddling
- Henri Marie Coandă (1886–1972), Romania – Coandă effect
- Josephine Cochrane (1839–1913), U.S. – dishwasher
- Christopher Cockerell (1910–1999), UK – Hovercraft
- Aeneas Coffey (1780–1852), Ireland – Coffey still
- Sir Henry Cole (1808–1882), UK – Christmas card
- Samuel Colt (1814–1862), U.S. – Revolver development
- Sir William Congreve (1772–1828), UK – Congreve rocket
- George Constantinescu (1881–1965), Romania – creator of the theory of sonics , a new branch of continuum mechanics
- Albert Coons (1912–1978), U.S. – Immunofluorescence (microscopy)
- Martin Cooper (born 1928), U.S. – Mobile phone
- Harry Coover (1917–2011), U.S. – Super Glue
- Lloyd Groff Copeman (1865–1956), U.S. – Electric stove
- Cornelis Corneliszoon (1550–1607), The Netherlands – wind powered sawmill
- Alexander Coucoulas (born 1933), U.S. – Thermosonic bonding
- Wallace H. Coulter (1913–1998), U.S. – Coulter principle
- Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), France – co-inventor of the aqualung and the Nikonos underwater camera
- John "Jack" Higson Cover Jr. (1920–2009), U.S. – Taser
- William Crookes (1832–1919), UK – Crookes radiometer , Crookes tube
- Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731), Italy – piano
- Caresse Crosby (1891–1970), U.S. – Modern bra
- S. Scott Crump (inv. c. 1989), U.S. – fused deposition modeling
- Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (1725–1804), France – first steam-powered road vehicle
- William Cullen (1710–1790), UK – first artificial refrigerator
- Rose Cumming (1887–1968), U.S. – metallic wallpaper
- Emily Cummins (born 1987), UK – sustainable refrigerator, water carrier, toothpaste dispenser
- Marie Curie (1867–1934), Poland – portable X-ray units ("Little Curies"), [1] radium-emanation needles [2]
- Jamie Lee Curtis (born 1958), U.S. – diapers
- Jan Czochralski (1885–1953), Poland / Germany – Czochralski process (crystal growth)
D
- Nils Gustaf Dalén (1869–1937), Sweden – AGA cooker , Dalén light , Agamassan , Sun valve for lighthouses and buoys
- John Frederic Daniell (1790–1845), UK – Daniell cell
- Corradino D'Ascanio (1891–1981), Italy – Vespa scooter
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Italy – helicopter , tanks , and parachutes for safety
- Raymond Damadian (1936–2022), Armenia /U.S. – Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Robert Davidson (1804-1894), Scotland – electric locomotive
- Jacob Davis (1868–1908), U.S. – Riveted jeans
- Humphry Davy (1778–1829), UK – Davy miners lamp
- Joseph Day (1855–1946), UK – the crankcase-compression two-stroke engine
- Lee de Forest (1873–1961), U.S. – Phonofilm , triode
- Fe del Mundo (1911–2011), Philippines – non-electric incubator
- Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk (1927–2006), Russia – 3D holography
- Robert H. Dennard (born 1932), U.S. – Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
- Miksa Déri (1854–1938), Hungary – co-inventor of an improved closed-core transformer
- Robert DeStefano (born 1962), U.S. – exercise equipment
- James Dewar (1842–1923), UK – Thermos flask
- Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918), Russia – Bisphenol A , Dianin's compound
- William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (1860–1935), UK – motion picture camera
- Philip Diehl (1847–1913), U.S. – Ceiling fan
- Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913), Germany – Diesel engine
- William H. Dobelle (1943–2004), U.S. – Dobelle Eye
- Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1780–1849), Germany – Döbereiner's lamp (chemistry)
- Toshitada Doi (born 1943), Japan, together with Joop Sinjou, Netherlands – Compact disc
- Ray Dolby (1933–2013), U.S. – Dolby noise-reduction system
- Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919), Poland/Russia – three-phase electric power
- Marion O'Brien Donovan (1917–1998), U.S. – Waterproof diaper
- Hub van Doorne (1900–1979), Netherlands – Variomatic continuously variable transmission
- John Thompson Dorrance (1873–1930), U.S. – Condensed soup
- Amanda Minnie Douglas (1831–1916), writer and inventor (portable folding mosquito net frame)
- Charles Dow (1851–1902), U.S. – Dow Jones Industrial Average
- Mulalo Doyoyo (born 1970), South Africa/U.S. – Cenocell – cementless concrete
- Anastase Dragomir (1896–1966), Romania – Ejection seat
- Karl Drais (1785–1851), Germany – dandy horse , Draisine
- Richard Drew (1899–1980), U.S. – Masking tape
- John Boyd Dunlop (1840–1921), UK – first practical pneumatic tyre
- Cyril Duquet (1841–1922), Canada – Telephone handset
- Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977), Russia – deep column station
- James Dyson (born 1947), UK – Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, incorporating the principles of cyclonic separation .
E
- George Eastman (1854–1932), U.S. – roll film
- J. Presper Eckert (1919–1995), U.S. – ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer
- Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931), U.S. – phonograph , commercially practical incandescent light bulb , etc.
- Pehr Victor Edman (1916–1977), Sweden – Edman degradation for Protein sequencing
- Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925–2013), UK – In vitro fertilisation
- Ellen Eglin (1849–c. 1890), U.S. – Clothes wringer
- Brendan Eich (born 1961), U.S. – JavaScript (programming language)
- Willem Einthoven (1860–1927), The Netherlands – the electrocardiogram
- Benjamin Eisenstadt (1906–1996), U.S. – Sugar packet
- Paul Eisler (1907–1992), Austria/U.S. – Printed circuit board (electronics)
- Giorgi Eliava (1892–1937), together with Félix d'Herelle (1873–1949), France / Georgia – Phage therapy
- Ivan Elmanov , Russia – first monorail (horse-drawn)
- Rune Elmqvist (1906–1996), Sweden – implantable pacemaker
- John Haven Emerson (1906–1997), U.S. – iron lung
- Douglas Engelbart (1925–2013), U.S. – the computer mouse
- John Ericsson (1803–1889), Sweden – the two screw-propeller
- Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), Germany – Erlenmeyer flask
- Sir Martin John Evans (born 1941), together with Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), and Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), U.S. – Knockout mouse , Gene targeting
- Ole Evinrude (1877–1934), Norway – outboard motor
F
- Charles Fabry (1867–1945), together with Alfred Perot (1863–1925), France – Fabry–Pérot interferometer (physics)
- Samuel Face (1923–2001), U.S. – concrete flatness/levelness technology; Lightning Switch
- Federico Faggin (born 1941), Italy – microprocessor
- Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), The Netherlands – Fahrenheit temperature scale, Mercury-in-glass thermometer
- Michael Faraday (1791–1867), UK – electric transformer , electric motor
- Johann Maria Farina (1685–1766), Germany; Eau de Cologne
- Myra Juliet Farrell (1878–1957), Australia – stitchless button, Press stud
- Philo Farnsworth (1906–1971), U.S. – electronic television
- Marga Faulstich (1915–1998), Germany – optical glass, lightweight lens SF 64 [3]
- Muhammad al-Fazari (died 796/806), Persia – astrolabe
- John Bennett Fenn (1917–2010), U.S. – Electrospray ionization
- Henry John Horstman Fenton (1854–1929), UK – Fenton's reagent (chemistry)
- James Fergason (1934–2008), U.S. – improved liquid crystal display
- Enrico Fermi (1901–1954), Italy – nuclear reactor
- Humberto Fernández-Morán (1924–1999), Venezuela – Diamond scalpel , Ultra microtome
- Michele Ferrero (1925–2015), Italy – Kinder Surprise = Kinder Eggs , Nutella
- Bran Ferren (born 1953), U.S. – Pinch-to-zoom (multi-touch), together with Daniel Hillis
- Reginald Fessenden (1866–1932), Canada – two-way radio
- Robert Feulgen (1884–1955), Germany – Feulgen stain (histology)
- Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick (1829–1901), Germany – contact lens
- Ethel Finck (1932–2003), U.S. – cardiac catheter
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810–887), Al-Andalus – fused quartz and silica glass , metronome
- Artur Fischer (1919–2016) Germany – fasteners including fischertechnik .
- Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877–1947), together with Hans Schrader (1921–2012), Germany – Fischer assay (oil yield test)
- Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877–1947), together with Hans Tropsch (1889–1935), Germany – Fischer–Tropsch process (refinery process)
- Gerhard Fischer (1899–1988), Germany/U.S. – hand-held metal detector
- Paul C. Fisher (1913–2006), U.S. – Space Pen
- Edith M. Flanigen (born 1929), U.S. – zeolite Y , molecular sieve
- Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), Scotland – Penicillin
- John Ambrose Fleming (1848–1945), UK – Vacuum diode
- Sandford Fleming (1827–1915), Canada – Universal Standard Time
- Nicolas Florine (1891–1972), Georgia /Russia/Belgium – first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely
- Tommy Flowers (1905–1998), UK – Colossus an early electronic computer.
- Irmgard Flügge-Lotz (1903–1974), U.S. – aircraft guidance systems
- Thomas J. Fogarty (born 1934), U.S. – Embolectomy catheter (medicine)
- Larry Fondren , U.S. – entrepreneur, inventor and credit markets expert
- Eunice Newton Foote (1819–1888), U.S. – greenhouse effect, boot soles
- Enrico Forlanini (1848–1930), Italy – Steam helicopter , hydrofoil , Forlanini airships
- Eric Fossum (born 1957), U.S. – intra-pixel charge transfer in CMOS image sensors
- Josephine G. Fountain (fl 1960), U.S. – direct suction tracheotomy tube
- Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (1819–1868), France – Foucault pendulum , gyroscope , eddy current
- Benoît Fourneyron (1802–1867), France – water turbine
- John Fowler (1826–1864), UK – steam-driven ploughing engine
- Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), U.S. – the pointed lightning rod conductor , bifocal glasses , the Franklin stove , the glass harmonica
- Herman Frasch (1851–1914), Germany / U.S. – Frasch process (petrochemistry), Paraffin wax purification
- Ian Hector Frazer (born 1953), together with Jian Zhou (1957–1999), U.S./China – HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
- Helen Murray Free (1923–2021), U.S. – diabetes tests
- Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827), France – Fresnel lens
- Amelia Freund (1824–1887), Germany – cooking stove contained a "frizzler" which fried without hardening. [4]
- Ida Freund (1863–1914), UK – gas measuring tube, periodic table cupcakes
- William Friese-Greene (1855–1921), UK – cinematography
- Julius Fromm (1883–1945), Germany – first seamless Condom
- Arthur Fry (born 1931), U.S. – Post-it note
- Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), U.S. – geodesic dome
- C. W. Fuller (inv. 1953), U.S. – Gilhoolie
- Robert Fulton (1765–1815), United States – first commercially successful steamboat , first practical submarine
- Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583), Russia/ Poland–Lithuania – invented multibarreled mortar , introduced printing in Russia
- Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000), Russia – radial keratotomy
- Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966), Russia – Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle , arguably the first assault rifle )
G
- Dennis Gabor (1900–1979), Hungarian-British – holography
- Boris Borisovich Galitzine (1862–1916), Russia – electromagnetic seismograph
- Joseph G. Gall (born 1928), U.S. – In situ hybridization (cell biology)
- Alfred William Gallagher (1911–1990), New Zealand – Electric fence for farmers
- Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006), Russia/U.S. – continuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov ), high-power diode lasers
- Elmer R. Gates (1859–1923), U.S. – foam fire extinguisher, electric loom mechanisms, magnetic & diamagnetic separators, educational toy ("box & blocks")*
- Richard J. Gatling (1818–1903), U.S. – wheat drill, first successful machine gun
- Georgy Gause (1910–1986), Russia – gramicidin S , neomycin , lincomycin and other antibiotics
- E. K. Gauzen , Russia – three bolt equipment (early diving costume )
- Norman Gaylord (1923–2007), U.S. – rigid gas-permeable contact lens
- Karl-Hermann Geib (1908–1949), Germany / USSR – Girdler sulfide process
- Hans Wilhelm Geiger (1882–1945), Germany – Geiger counter
- Andrey Geim (born 1958), Russia/United Kingdom – graphene
- Nestor Genko (1839–1904), Russia – Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system)
- Christoph Gerber (1942–), with Calvin Quate (1923–2019), and with Gerd Binnig (1947–), Germany/U.S./Switzerland – Atomic force microscope
- Friedrich Clemens Gerke (1801–1888), Germany – current international Morse code
- David Gestetner (1854–1939), Austria-Hungary / UK – Gestetner copier
- Alberto Gianni (1891–1930), Italy – Torretta butoscopica
- John Heysham Gibbon (1903–1973), U.S. – Heart-lung machine
- Gustav Giemsa (1867–1948), Germany – Giemsa stain (histology)
- Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen (1903–1992), Austria – Giesl ejector
- Henri Giffard (1825–1882), France – powered airship , injector
- David J. Gingery (1932–2004), USA
- Donald A. Glaser (1926–2013), U.S. – Bubble chamber
- Joseph Glass (1791–1867), England – chimney-sweeping apparatus
- Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989), Russia – hypergolic propellant , electric propulsion , Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170 )
- Heinrich Göbel (1818–1893), Germany – incandescent lamp
- Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915), Russia – man-portable mortar
- Robert Goddard (1882–1945), U.S. – liquid fuel rocket
- Sam Golden (1915–1997), together with Leonard Bocour (1910–1993), U.S. – Acrylic paint
- Peter Carl Goldmark (1906–1977), Hungary – vinyl record (LP), CBS color television
- Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italy – Golgi's method (histology)
- György Gömöri (1904–1957), Hungary / U.S. – Gömöri trichrome stain , Gömöri methenamine silver stain (histology)
- Lewis Gompertz ( c. 1783 —1861), UK – expanding chuck, improved velocipede
- Sarah E. Goode (1855–1905), US – cabinet bed. First African-American woman to receive a United States patent.
- Charles Goodyear (1800–1860), U.S. – vulcanization of rubber
- Praveen Kumar Gorakavi (born 1989), India – low-cost Braille Typewriter
- Robert W. Gore (1937–2020), U.S. – Gore-Tex
- Igor Gorynin (1926–2015), Russia – weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels
- James Gosling (born 1955), U.S. – Java (programming language)
- Gordon Gould (1920–2005), U.S. – Laser , see also Theodore Maiman
- Richard Hall Gower (1768–1833), UK – ship's hull and rigging
- Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966), Russia – cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube
- Bette Nesmith Graham (1924–1980), U.S. – Correction fluid , Liquid Paper
- Iréne Grahn (1945–2013), Sweden – finger joint support for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938), Denmark / Germany – Gram staining (histology)
- Zénobe Gramme (1826–1901), Belgium/France – Gramme dynamo
- Temple Grandin (born 1947), Inventor of the squeeze machine and humane abattoirs .
- Michael Grätzel (born 1944), Germany/Switzerland– Dye-sensitized solar cell
- James Henry Greathead (1844–1896), South Africa – tunnel boring machine , tunnelling shield technique
- Chester Greenwood (1858–1937), U.S. – thermal earmuffs
- Lori Greiner (born 1969), U.S. – Silver Safekeeper anti-tarnish lining (jewelry organizers) and multiple consumer products, 120 US and foreign patents
- James Gregory (1638–1675), Scotland – Gregorian telescope
- William Griggs (1832–1911), England – a process of photolithography
- William Robert Grove (1811–1896), Wales – fuel cell
- Gustav Guanella (1909–1982), Switzerland – DSSS , Guanella- Balun
- Otto von Guericke (1602–1686), Germany – vacuum pump , manometer , dasymeter
- Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976), Russia – MiG -series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan )
- Goldsworthy Gurney (1793–1875), England – Gurney Stove
- Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685–1724), Brazil – early air balloons
- Johann Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), Germany – movable type printing press
- Samuel Guthrie (physician) (1782–1848), U.S. – discovered chloroform
H
- Fritz Haber (1868–1934), Germany – Haber process (ammonia synthesis)
- John Hadley (1682–1744), UK – Octant
- Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), Russia/Switzerland – first anti- cholera and anti- plague vaccines
- Gunther von Hagens (born 1945), Germany – whole body Plastination
- Charles Hall (1863–1914), U.S. – aluminum production
- Robert N. Hall (1919–2016), U.S. – Semiconductor laser
- Samuel Hall (1782–1863), UK – condenser to enable recycling of water in ship's steam engine
- Tracy Hall (1919–2008), U.S. – synthetic diamond
- Nicholas Halse (died 1636), England – malt kiln
- Richard Hamming (1915–1998), U.S. – Hamming code
- John Hays Hammond Jr. (1888–1965), U.S. – radio control
- Ruth Handler (1916–2002), U.S. – Barbie doll
- James Hargreaves (1720–1778), UK – spinning jenny
- John Harington (1561–1612), UK – the flush toilet
- William Snow Harris (1791–1867), UK – much improved naval Lightning rods
- John Harrison (1693–1776), UK – marine chronometer
- Ross Granville Harrison (1870–1959), U.S. – first successful animal Tissue culture , Cell culture
- Kazuo Hashimoto (died 1995), Japan – Caller-ID , answering machine
- Victor Hasselblad (1906–1978), Sweden – invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1039), Iraq – camera obscura , pinhole camera , magnifying glass
- George H. Heilmeier (1936–2014), U.S. – liquid crystal display (LCD)
- Henry Heimlich (1920–2016), U.S. – Heimlich maneuver
- Robert A. Heinlein (1907–1988), U.S. – waterbed
- Jozef Karol Hell (1713–1789), Slovakia – the water pillar
- Rudolf Hell (1901–2002), Germany – the Hellschreiber
- Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), Germany – Helmholtz pitch notation , Helmholtz resonator , ophthalmoscope
- Zhang Heng (78–139), China – Seismometer , first hydraulic-powered armillary sphere
- Beulah Louise Henry (1887–1973), U.S. – bobbin -free sewing machine , vacuum ice cream freezer
- Charles H. Henry (1937-2016), U.S. – Quantum well laser
- Joseph Henry (1797–1878), Scotland/U.S. – electromagnetic relay
- Félix d'Herelle (1873–1949), together with Giorgi Eliava (1892–1937), France, Georgia – Phage therapy
- Heron (c. 10–70), Roman Egypt – usually credited with invention of the aeolipile , although it may have been described a century earlier
- John Herschel (1792–1871), UK – photographic fixer (hypo), actinometer
- Harry Houdini (1874–1926) U.S. – flight time illusion
- Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), Germany – radio telegraphy , electromagnetic radiation
- Ephraim Hertzano (1912–1987), Roumania / Israel – Rummikub
- Lasse Hessel (1940–2019), Denmark – Female condom
- George de Hevesy (1885–1966), Hungary – radioactive tracer
- Ronald Price Hickman (1932–2011), U.S. – designed the original Lotus Elan , the Lotus Elan +2 and the Lotus Europa , as well as the Black & Decker Workmate
- Rowland Hill (1795–1879), UK – postage stamp
- Maurice Hilleman (1919–2005) – vaccines against childhood diseases
- Tanaka Hisashige (1799–1881), Japan – Myriad year clock
- Ted Hoff (born 1937), U.S. – microprocessor
- Felix Hoffmann (Bayer) (1868–1949), Germany – Aspirin
- Albert Hofmann (1906–2008), Switzerland – LSD
- Kotaro Honda (1870–1954), Japan – KS steel
- Huang Hongjia (1924–2021), China – Single-mode optical fiber .
- Herman Hollerith (1860–1929), U.S. – recording data on a machine readable medium, tabulator , punched cards
- Nick Holonyak (born 1928), U.S. – LED (Light Emitting Diode)
- Norman Holter (1914–1983), U.S. – Holter monitor
- Robert Hooke (1635–1703), UK – balance wheel , iris diaphragm , acoustic telephone
- Erna Schneider Hoover (born 1926), U.S. – computerized telephone switching system
- Harold Hopkins (1918–1994), UK – zoom lens , rod lens endoscope
- Grace Murray Hopper (1906–1992), U.S. – Compiler
- Frank Hornby (1863–1936), UK – invented Meccano
- Jimmy Hotz (born 1953), U.S. – Hotz MIDI Translator, Atari Hotz Box
- Royal Earl House (1814–1895), U.S. – first Printing telegraph
- Coenraad Johannes van Houten (1801–1887), Netherlands – cocoa powder , cacao butter , chocolate milk
- Elias Howe (1819–1867), U.S. – sewing machine
- David Edward Hughes (1831–1900), UK – printing telegraph
- Chuck Hull (born 1939), U.S. – 3D printer
- Troy Hurtubise (1963–2018), Canada – Trojan Ballistics Suit of Armor , Ursus suit, Firepaste, Angel Light
- Miller Reese Hutchison (1876–1944), U.S. – Klaxon , electric hearing aid
- Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695), Netherlands – pendulum clock
- John Wesley Hyatt (1837–1920), U.S. – celluloid manufacturing
I
- Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992), Russia – Ilizarov apparatus , external fixation , distraction osteogenesis
- Mamoru Imura (born 1948), Japan – RFIQin (automatic cooking device)
- Daisuke Inoue (born 1940), Japan – Karaoke machine
- János Irinyi (1817–1895), Hungary – noiseless match
- Ub Iwerks (1901–1971), U. S. – Multiplane camera for animation
J
- Moritz von Jacobi (1801–1874), Germany/Russia – electrotyping , electric boat
- Rudolf Jaenisch (born 1942), Germany/U.S. – first Genetically modified mouse
- Alcinous Burton Jamison (1851–1938), American physician, inventor of medical devices
- Karl Guthe Jansky (1905–1950), U.S. – radio telescope
- Karl Jatho (1873–1933), Germany – aeroplane
- Ali Javan (1926–2016), together with William R. Bennett Jr. (1930–2008), Iran/U.S. – Gas laser (Helium-Neon)
- Al-Jazari (1136–1206), Iraq – crank-driven and hydropowered saqiya chain pump , crank-driven screw and screwpump , elephant clock , weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump , reciprocating piston suction pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system , programmable humanoid robots , robotics , hand washing automata , flush mechanism , lamination , static balancing , paper model , sand casting , molding sand , intermittency , linkage
- Ibn Al-Jazzar (Algizar) (895–979), Tunisia – sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction treatment drugs
- Ányos Jedlik (1800–1898), Hungary – Jedlik dynamo
- Alec John Jeffreys (born 1950), UK – DNA profiling (forensics)
- Charles Francis Jenkins (1867–1934), U.S. – television and movie projector (Phantoscope)
- Thomas L. Jennings (1791–1859), U.S. – novel method of dry cleaning
- Steve Jobs (1955–2011), U.S. – Apple Macintosh computer, iPod , iPhone , iPad and other devices, software operating systems and applications.
- Amos Edward Joel Jr. (1918–2008) U.S. – electrical engineer, known for several contributions and over seventy patents related to telecommunications switching systems
- Carl Edvard Johansson (1864–1943), Sweden – Gauge blocks
- Johan Petter Johansson (1853–1943), Sweden – Pipe wrench and adjustable spanner
- Reynold B. Johnson (1906–1998), U.S. – Hard disk drive
- Philipp von Jolly (1809–1884), Germany – Jolly balance
- Scott A. Jones (born 1960), U.S. – created one of the most successful versions of voicemail as well as ChaCha Search , a human-assisted internet search engine
- Tom Parry Jones (1935–2013), UK – first electronic Breathalyzer
- Assen Jordanoff (1896–1967), Bulgaria – airbag
- Marc Jorgenson , Canada, engineer, inventor and musician
- Anatol Josepho (1894–1980), patented the first coin-operated photo booth called the "Photomaton" in 1925.
- Marjorie Joyner (1896–1994), U.S. – Permanent wave machine
- Whitcomb Judson (1836–1909), U.S. – zipper
- Percy Lavon Julian (1899–1975), U.S. – chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants
- Ma Jun ( fl. 220–265), China – south-pointing chariot (see differential gear ), mechanical puppet theater , chain pumps , improved silk looms
K
- Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919–2013), Russia – AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (the most produced ever)
- Bob Kahn (born 1938), together with Vint Cerf (born 1943), U.S. – Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- Dawon Kahng (1931–1992), South Korea, together with Simon Sze (born 1936), Taiwan/U.S. – Floating-gate MOSFET
- Dean Kamen (born 1951), U.S. – Invented the Segway HT scooter and the IBOT Mobility Device
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926), Netherlands – liquid helium
- Nikolay Kamov (1902–1973), Russia – armored battle autogyro , Ka -series coaxial rotor helicopters
- Pyotr Kapitsa (1894–1984), Russia – first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions
- Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941), Russia – rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (c. 1380–1429), Persia / Iran – plate of conjunctions , analog planetary computer
- Andrew Kay (1919–2014), U.S. – Digital voltmeter
- Adolphe Kégresse (1879–1943), France/Russia – Kégresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track ), dual-clutch transmission
- Carl D. Keith (1920–2008), together with John J. Mooney (1930–2020), U.S. – three way catalytic converter
- Mstislav Keldysh (1911–1978), Latvia /Russia – co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Tikhonravov
- John Harvey Kellogg (1852–1943), cornflake breakfasts
- John G. Kemeny (1926–1992), together with Thomas E. Kurtz (born 1928), Hungary/U.S. – BASIC (programming language)
- Alexander Kemurdzhian (1921–2003), Armenia /Russia – first space exploration rover ( Lunokhod )
- Mary Kenner (1912–2006), U.S. – sanitary belt
- William Saville-Kent (1845–1908), UK/Australia – Pearl culture , see also Mikimoto Kōkichi
- Kerim Kerimov (1917–2003), Azerbaijan and Russia – co-developer of human spaceflight , space dock , space station
- Jacques de Kervor (1928–2010), French industrial designer
- Charles F. Kettering (1876–1958), U.S. – invented automobile self-starter ignition, Freon ethyl gasoline and more
- Fazlur Khan (1929–1982), Bangladesh – structural systems for high-rise skyscrapers
- Yulii Khariton (1904–1996), Russia – chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb , co-developer of the Tsar Bomba
- Anatoly Kharlampiyev (1906–1979), Russia – Sambo (martial art)
- Al-Khazini ( fl. 1115–1130), Persia / Iran – hydrostatic balance
- Konstantin Khrenov (1894–1984), Russia – underwater welding
- Abu-Mahmud Khojandi (c. 940–1000), Persia / Iran – astronomical sextant
- Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (Algoritmi) (c. 780–850), Persia / Iran – algebra , mural instrument , horary quadrant, Sine quadrant , shadow square
- Johann Kiefuss – inventor in Nuremberg in 1517
- Marcel Kiepach (1894–1915), Croatia – dynamo , maritime compass that indicates north regardless of the presence of iron or magnetic forces
- Erhard Kietz (1909–1982), Germany & U.S. – signal improvements for video transmissions [5]
- Jack Kilby (1923–2005), U.S. – patented the first integrated circuit
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801–873), Iraq / Yemen – unambiguously described the distillation of wine in the 9th century, cryptanalysis , frequency analysis
- Petrus Jacobus Kipp (1808–1864), The Netherlands – Kipp's apparatus (chemistry)
- Semyon Kirlian (1898–1978), Armenia/USSR – Kirlian photography
- Steve Kirsch (born 1956), U.S. – Optical mouse
- Fritz Klatte (1880–1934), Germany – vinyl chloride, forerunner to polyvinyl chloride
- Yves Klein (1928–1962), France – International Klein Blue
- Margaret E. Knight (1838–1914), U.S. – machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags
- Tom Knight (?), U.S. – BioBricks (synthetic biology)
- Ivan Knunyants (1906–1990), Armenia /Russia – capron, Nylon 6 , polyamide-6
- Robert Koch (1843–1910), Germany – method for culturing bacteria on solid media
- Willem Johan Kolff (1911–2009), Netherlands – artificial kidney hemodialysis machine
- Rudolf Kompfner (1909–1977), U.S. – Traveling-wave tube
- Konstantin Konstantinov (1817/1819–1871), Russia – device for measuring flight speed of projectiles , ballistic rocket pendulum , launch pad , rocket-making machine
- Sergei Korolev (1907–1966), USSR – first successful intercontinental ballistic missile ( R-7 Semyorka ), R-7 rocket family , Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite ), Vostok program (including the first human spaceflight )
- Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920), Russian Empire – auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement
- Semyon Korsakov (1787–1853), Russian Empire – punched card for information storage
- Mikhail Koshkin (1898–1940), Russia – T-34 medium tank, the best and most produced tank of World War II [6]
- Ognjeslav Kostović (1851–1916), Serbia /Russia – arborite (high-strength plywood , an early plastic)
- Gleb Kotelnikov (1872–1944), Russia – knapsack parachute , drogue parachute
- William Justin Kroll (1889–1973), Luxemburg/U.S. – Kroll process
- Alfred Krupa (1915–1989), Yugoslavia – the modern wheeled suitcase, a glass-bottom boat, the skis for use in walking on water, a folding canvas catamaran
- Aleksey Krylov (1863–1945), Russia – gyroscopic damping of ships
- Ivan Kulibin (1735–1818), Russia – egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight , elevator using screw mechanisms, a self-rolling carriage featuring a flywheel , brake , gear box , and bearing , an early optical telegraph
- Shen Kuo (1031–1095), China – improved gnomon , armillary sphere , clepsydra , and sighting tube
- Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960), Russia – first nuclear power plant , first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships
- Thomas E. Kurtz (born 1928), together with John G. Kemeny (1926–1992), U.S./Hungary – BASIC (programming language)
- Raymond Kurzweil (born 1948), Optical character recognition ; flatbed scanner
- Ken Kutaragi (born 1950), Japan – PlayStation
- Stephanie Kwolek (1923–2014), U.S. – Kevlar
- John Howard Kyan (1774–1850), Ireland – process of Kyanization used for wood preservation
L
- Dmitry Lachinov (1842–1902), Russia – mercury pump , economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer , photometer , electrolyser
- René Laennec (1781–1826), France – stethoscope
- Georges Lakhovsky (1869–1942), Russia/U.S. – multiple wave oscillator
- Hedy Lamarr (1914–2000), Austria and U.S. – Spread spectrum radio
- Edwin H. Land (1909–1991), U.S. – Polaroid polarizing filters and the Land Camera
- Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906), U.S. – bolometer
- Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin (1847–1923), Russia – incandescent lamp
- Irving Langmuir (1851–1957), U.S. – gas filled incandescent light bulb , hydrogen welding
- Norm Larsen (1923–1970), U.S. – WD-40
- Lewis Latimer (1848–1928), U.S. – improved carbon-filament light bulb
- Gustav de Laval (1845–1913), Sweden – invented the milk separator and the milking machine
- Semyon Lavochkin (1900–1960), Russia – La -series aircraft, first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut
- John Bennet Lawes (1814–1900), UK – superphosphate or chemical fertilizer
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901–1958), U.S. – Cyclotron
- Nikolai Lebedenko , Russia – Tsar Tank , largest armored vehicle in history
- Sergei Lebedev (1874–1934), Russia – commercially viable synthetic rubber
- William Lee (1563–1614), UK – Stocking frame knitting machine
- Edward Leedskalnin (1887–1951), U.S. – construction techniques used to single-handedly lift massive coral blocks in the creation of his Coral Castle
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), The Netherlands – development of the microscope
- Jerome H. Lemelson (1923–1997), U.S. – inventions in the fields in which he patented make possible, wholly or in part, innovations like automated warehouses, industrial robots , cordless telephones , fax machines , videocassette recorders, camcorders , and the magnetic tape drive used in Sony's Walkman tape players.
- Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir (1822–1900), Belgium – internal combustion engine , motorboat
- Giacomo da Lentini (13th century), Italy – Sonnet
- R. G. LeTourneau (1888–1969), U.S. – electric wheel, motor scraper, mobile oil drilling platform, bulldozer, cable control unit for scrapers
- Rasmus Lerdorf (born 1968), Greenland/Canada – PHP (programming language)
- Willard Frank Libby (1908–1980), U.S. – radiocarbon dating
- Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), Germany – nitrogen -based fertilizer
- Edward Light (1747–1832), UK – harp lute
- Hon Lik (born 1951), China – electronic cigarette
- Otto Lilienthal (1848–1896), Germany – hang glider
- Lin Yutang (1895–1976), China/U.S. – Chinese language typewriter
- Charles Lindbergh (1902–1974), U.S. – organ perfusion pump
- Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist (1862–1931), Sweden – Kerosene stove operated by compressed air
- Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), Sweden – formal Binomial nomenclature for living organisms, Horologium Florae
- Hans Lippershey (1570–1619), The Netherlands – associated with the appearance of the telescope
- Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann (1845–1921), France – Lippmann plate , Integral imaging , Lippmann electrometer
- Lisitsyn brothers, Ivan Fyodorovich and Nazar Fyodorovich, Russia – samovar (the first documented makers)
- William Howard Livens (1889–1964), UK – chemical warfare – Livens Projector
- Eduard Locher (1840–1910), Switzerland – Locher rack railway system
- Fredrik Ljungström (1875–1964) and Birger Ljungström (1872–1948), Sweden – Ljungström turbine , Ljungström air preheater , Ljungström method
- Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923), Russia – electrical filament , incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament
- Louis Lombard-Gérin (1848–1918), France – trolleybus
- Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765), Russia – night vision telescope , off-axis reflecting telescope , coaxial rotor , re-invented smalt
- Yury Lomonosov (1876–1952), Russia/UK – first successful mainline diesel locomotive
- Aleksandr Loran (1849 – after 1911), Russia – fire fighting foam , foam extinguisher
- Oleg Losev (1903–1942), Russia – light-emitting diode , crystadine
- Antoine Louis (1723–1792), France – Guillotine
- Archibald Low (1882–1956), UK – pioneer of radio guidance systems
- Ed Lowe (1920–1995), U.S. – Cat litter
- Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001), Russia – Buran (spacecraft) , Spiral project
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822–1882), Poland/Armenia – Kerosene lamp , Oil refinery
- Auguste and Louis Lumière (1862–1954 and 1864–1948), France – Cinématographe
- Cai Lun , 蔡倫 (50–121), China – paper
- Giovanni Luppis or Ivan Vukić (1813–1875), Austrian Empire (ethnical Croatian, from Rijeka) – self-propelled torpedo
- Gustave Lyon (1857–1936), France – chromatic harp
- Richard F. Lyon (born 1952), U.S. – Optical mouse
- Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984), Russia – first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines
M
- Charles Macintosh (1766–1843), Scotland – waterproof raincoat , life vest
- Theodore Maiman (1927–2007), U.S. – Laser , see also Gordon Gould
- Ahmed Majan (born 1963), UAE – instrumented racehorse saddle and others
- Aleksandr Makarov (born 1966), Russia/Germany – Orbitrap mass spectrometer
- Stepan Makarov (1849–1904), Russia – Icebreaker Yermak , first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice
- Victor Makeev (1924–1985), Russia – first submarine-launched ballistic missile
- Nestor Makhno (1888–1934), Ukraine /Russia – tachanka
- Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov (1896–1964), Russia – Maksutov telescope
- Annie Malone (1869–1957), U.S. – Cosmetics for African American women
- Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937), Russia – designed the first matryoshka doll (together with Vasily Zvyozdochkin )
- Al-Ma'mun (786–833), Iraq – singing bird automata , terrestrial globe
- Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007), Russia – reflectron ( ion mirror)
- George William Manby (1765–1854), UK – Fire extinguisher
- Harry Mendell , U.S. – invented the first digital sampling synthesizer
- Joy Mangano (born 1956), U.S. – household appliances
- Anna Mangin (1844–1931) – American inventor, educator, caterer and women's rights campaigner
- Charles Mantoux (1877–1947), France – Mantoux test (tuberculosis)
- Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), Italy – radio telegraphy
- Gheorghe Marinescu (1863–1938), Romania – first science films in the world in the neurology clinic in Bucharest (1898–1901)
- Sylvester Marsh (1803–1884), U.S. – Marsh rack railway system
- Konosuke Matsushita (1894–1989), Japan – battery-powered Bicycle lighting
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526–1585), Syria / Egypt /Turkey – steam turbine , six- cylinder 'Monobloc' suction pump , framed sextant
- Alex Mashinsky (born 1965), U.S. – VoIP
- John Landis Mason (1826–1902), U.S. – Mason jars
- Fujio Masuoka (born 1943), Japan – Flash memory
- John W. Mauchly (1907–1980), U.S. – ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer
- Henry Maudslay (1771–1831), UK – screw-cutting lathe , bench micrometer
- Hiram Maxim (1840–1916), U.S. born, UK – first self-powered machine gun
- James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) and Thomas Sutton , Scotland – color photography
- Stanley Mazor (born 1941), U.S. – microprocessor
- John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), Scotland – improved "macadam" road surface
- Elijah McCoy (1843–1929), Canada – Displacement lubricator
- Nicholas McKay Sr. (1920–2014), U.S. – Lint roller
- Frederick McKinley Jones (1893–1961), U.S. – 22 patents, the most prominent for an automatic refrigeration system for long-haul trucks
- James McLurkin (born 1972), U.S. – Ant robotics (robotics)
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russia – probiotics
- Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès (1817–1880), France – margarine
- Mordecai Meirowitz (born 1930), Roumania / Israel – Mastermind (board game)
- Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907), Russia – Periodic table , pycnometer , pyrocollodion
- Richard B. Merrill (1949–2008), U.S. – Foveon X3 sensor
- George de Mestral (1907–1990), Switzerland – Velcro
- Robert Metcalfe (born 1946), U.S. – Ethernet
- Antonio Meucci (1808–1889), Italy/U.S. – various early telephones , a hygrometer , a milk test
- Édouard Michelin (1859–1940), France – pneumatic tire
- Anthony Michell (1870–1959), Australia – tilting pad thrust bearing, crankless engine
- Artem Mikoyan (1905–1970), Armenia /Russia/USSR – MiG -series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich )
- Alexander Mikulin (1895–1985), Russia – Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines , co-developer of the Tsar Tank
- Mikhail Mil (1909–1970), Russia – Mi -series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's most-produced helicopter ) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter)
- Alexander Miles (1838–1918), U.S. – system for automatically opening and closing elevator doors
- David L. Mills (born 1938), U.S. – Fuzzball router , Network Time Protocol
- Marvin Minsky (1927–2016), U.S. – Confocal microscopy
- Tokushichi Mishima (1893–1975), Japan – MKM magnetic steel
- Pavel Molchanov (1893–1941), Russia – Radiosonde
- Jules Montenier (1895–1962), U.S. – Anti-perspirant deodorant
- Montgolfier brothers (1740–1810) and (1745–1799), France – hot air balloon
- John J. Montgomery (1858–1911), U.S. – heavier-than-air gliders
- Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol (1819–1885), Spain – steam powered submarine
- Robert Moog (1934–2005), U.S. – Moog synthesizer
- John J. Mooney (1930–2020), together with Carl D. Keith (1920–2008), U.S. – three way catalytic converter
- Roland Moreno (1945–2012), France – inventor of the smart card
- Samuel Morey (1762–1843), U.S. – internal combustion engine
- Garrett A. Morgan (1877–1963), U.S. – inventor of the smoke hood
- Alexander Morozov (1904–1979), Russia – T-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34
- Walter Frederick Morrison (1920–2010), U.S. – Flying disc
- William Morrison (dentist) (1860–1926), U.S. – Cotton candy machine
- Samuel Morse (1791–1872), U.S. – early Morse code , see also Morse Code controversy
- Sergei Ivanovich Mosin (1849–1902), Russia – Mosin–Nagant rifle
- Motorins , Ivan Feodorovich (1660s–1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?–1750), Russia – Tsar Bell
- Vera Mukhina (1889–1953), Russia – welded sculpture
- Kary Mullis (1944–2019), U.S. – PCR
- Fe del Mundo (1911–2011), Philippines – medical incubator made out of bamboo for use in rural communities without electrical power
- Colin Murdoch (1929–2008), New Zealand – Tranquillizer gun , disposable hypodermic syringe
- William Murdoch (1754–1839), Scotland – Gas lighting
- Jozef Murgas (1864–1929), Slovakia – inventor of the wireless telegraph (forerunner of the radio)
- Evgeny Murzin (1914–1970), Russia – ANS synthesizer
- Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad (c. 800–873), Ahmad (803–873), Al-Hasan (810–873), Iraq – mechanical trick devices , hurricane lamp , self-trimming and self-feeding lamp , gas mask , clamshell grab , fail-safe system, mechanical musical instrument , automatic flute player, programmable machine
- Pieter van Musschenbroek (1692–1761), Netherlands – Leyden jar , pyrometer
- Walton Musser (1909–1998), U.S. – Harmonic drive gear
- Eadweard Muybridge (1830–1904), UK – motion picture
- Ted Myerson (born 1975), U.S. – data cloud computing system patents
N
- Georgi Nadjakov (1896–1981), Bulgaria – wikt:photoelectret
- Alexander Nadiradze (1914–1987), Georgia/Russia – first mobile ICBM ( RT-21 Temp 2S ), first reliable mobile ICBM ( RT-2PM Topol )
- Nagai Nagayoshi (1844–1929), Japan – Methamphetamine
- James Naismith (1861–1939), Canadian born, U.S. – invented basketball and American football helmet
- Yoshiro Nakamatsu (born 1928), Japan – "PyonPyon" spring shoes , digital watch , CinemaScope , armchair "Cerebrex", sauce pump , taxicab meter
- Shuji Nakamura (born 1954), Japan – Blue laser
- John Napier (1550–1617), Scotland – logarithms
- Andrey Nartov (1683–1756), Russia – first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool -supporting carriage and a set of gears , fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge – boring lathe for cannon -making, early telescopic sight
- James Nasmyth (1808–1890), Scotland – steam hammer
- Giulio Natta (1903–1979), together with Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), Italy/Germany – Ziegler–Natta catalyst
- William Neade (fl.1624–1637), England – weapon combining a longbow and a pike
- Nebuchadrezzar II (634–562 BC), Iraq ( Mesopotamia ) – screw , screwpump
- Erwin Neher (born 1944), together with Bert Sakmann (1942–), Germany – Patch clamp technique
- Ted Nelson (born 1937), U.S. – Hypertext , Hypermedia
- Sergey Nepobedimiy (1921–2014), Russia – first supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm , other Soviet rocket weaponry
- Karl Nessler (1872–1951), Germany/U.S. – Permanent wave machine, artificial eyebrows
- Bernard de Neumann (1943–2018), UK – massively parallel self-configuring multi-processor
- John von Neumann (1903–1957), Hungary – Von Neumann computer architecture , Stochastic computing , Merge sort algorithm
- Isaac Newton (1642–1727), UK – reflecting telescope (which reduces chromatic aberration )
- Miguel Nicolelis (born 1961), Brazil – Brain-machine interfaces
- Joseph Nicephore Niépce (1765–1833), France – photography
- Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973), Russia – prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure ( Ostankino Tower ), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000 )
- Paul Gottlieb Nipkow (1860–1940), Germany – Nipkow disk
- Jun-ichi Nishizawa (1926–2018), Japan – Optical communication system, SIT/SITh (Static Induction Transistor/Thyristor) , Laser diode , PIN diode
- Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), Sweden – dynamite
- Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888), Sweden/Russia – first successful oil tanker
- Emmy Noether (1882–1935), Germany, groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics; Noether's Theorem
- Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770), France – Electroscope
- Wilhelm Normann (1870–1939), Germany – Hydrogenation of fats
- Carl Richard Nyberg (1858–1939), Sweden – the blowtorch
O
- Aaron D. O'Connell (born 1981), U.S. – first Quantum machine
- Joseph John O'Connell (1861–1959), U.S. – number of inventions relating to telephony and electrical engineering
- Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903), Sweden/Russia – the Odhner Arithmometer , a mechanical calculator
- Paul Offit (born 1951), U.S., along with Fred Clark and Stanley Plotkin , invented a pentavalent Rotavirus vaccine
- Hans von Ohain (1911–1998), Germany – co-inventor of the jet engine
- Jarkko Oikarinen (born 1967), Finland – Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
- Katsuhiko Okamoto (?–), Japan – Okamoto Cubes = modifications of Rubik's Cube
- Ransom Eli Olds (1864–1950), U.S. – Assembly line
- Lucien Olivier (1838–1883), Belgium or France / Russia – Russian salad (Olivier salad)
- Gerard K. O'Neill (1927–1992), U.S. – Storage ring (physics)
- J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), United States – Atomic bomb
- Hugh Orr (1715–1798), U.S. – machine for cleaning flax seed
- Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851), Denmark – electromagnetism , aluminium
- Elisha Otis (1811–1861), U.S. – safety system for elevators
- William Oughtred (1575–1660), UK – slide rule
P
- Arogyaswami Paulraj (born 1944), India/U.S. – MIMO
- Antonio Pacinotti (1841–1912), Italy – Pacinotti dynamo
- Hilary Page (1904-1957), UK – Self-Locking Building Bricks, the predecessor of Lego
- Larry Page (born 1973), U.S. – with Sergey Brin invented Google web search engine
- William Painter (1838–1906), UK/U.S. – Crown cork , Bottle opener
- Salvatore Pais (born 1967), Romania/U.S. – electromagnetic field generator to deflect asteroids away from the Earth, an inertial mass reduction device, a room-temperature superconductor , a gravitational wave generator, and a compact fusion reactor
- Alexey Pajitnov (born 1956), Russia/U.S. – Tetris
- Julio Palmaz (born 1945), Argentina – balloon-expandable, stent
- Helge Palmcrantz (1842–1880), Sweden – multi-barrel, lever-actuated, machine gun
- Daniel David Palmer (1845–1913), Canada – chiropractic
- Luigi Palmieri (1807–1896), Italy – seismometer
- Frank Pantridge (1916–2004), Ireland – Portable defibrillator
- Georgios Papanikolaou (1883–1962), Greece / U.S. – Papanicolaou stain , Pap test = Pap smear
- Alice H. Parker (1895–1920), U.S. – central heating using natural gas furnace
- Philip M. Parker (born 1960), U.S. – computer automated book authoring
- Thomas Parker (1843–1915), England – electric car
- Alexander Parkes (1831–1890), UK – celluloid
- Florence Parpart ( c. 1856–?), U.S. – industrial sweeping machine, electrical refrigerator
- Forrest Parry (1921–2005), U.S. – Magnetic stripe card
- Charles Algernon Parsons (1854–1931), British – steam turbine
- Spede Pasanen (1930–2001), Finland – ski jumping sling, boat ski
- Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), France – Pascal's calculator
- Gustaf Erik Pasch (1788–1862), Sweden – safety match
- Dimitar Paskov (1914–1986), Bulgaria – Galantamine
- C. Kumar N. Patel (born 1938), India/U.S. – Carbon dioxide laser
- Les Paul (1915–2009), U.S. – multitrack recording
- Andreas Pavel (born 1945), Brazil – audio devices
- Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), Russia, – classical conditioning
- Floyd Paxton (1918–1975), U.S. – Bread clip
- John Pemberton (1831–1888), U.S. – Coca-Cola
- Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871–1922), Croatia – mechanical pencil
- Ralph Peo (1897–1966), U.S. – early Automobile air conditioning , shock absorbers
- William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), UK – first synthetic organic chemical dye Mauveine
- Henry Perky (1843–1906), U.S. – shredded wheat
- Alfred Perot (1863–1925), together with Charles Fabry (1867–1945), France – Fabry–Pérot interferometer (physics)
- Stephen Perry , UK ( fl. 19th century) – rubber band
- Aurel Persu (1890–1977), Romania – first aerodynamic car, aluminum body with wheels included under the body, 1922
- Vladimir Petlyakov (1891–1942), Russia – heavy bomber
- Julius Richard Petri (1852–1921), Germany – Petri dish
- Peter Petroff (1919–2004), Bulgaria – digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments
- Fritz Pfleumer (1881–1945), Germany – magnetic tape
- Auguste Piccard (1884–1962), Switzerland – Bathyscaphe
- Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), together with Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), U.S./China – Combined oral contraceptive pill
- Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881), Russia – early use of ether as anaesthetic , first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations
- Fyodor Pirotsky (1845–1898), Russia – electric tram
- Arthur Pitney (1871–1933), U.S. – postage meter
- Hippolyte Pixii (1808–1835), France – Pixii dynamo
- Joseph Plateau (1801–1883), Belgium – phenakistiscope (stroboscope)
- Baltzar von Platen (1898–1984), Sweden – gas absorption refrigerator
- James Leonard Plimpton (1828–1911), U.S. – roller skates
- Ivan Plotnikov (1902–1995), Russia – kirza leather
- Roy Plunkett (1910–1994), U.S. – Teflon
- Petrache Poenaru (1799–1875), Romania – fountain pen
- Christopher Polhem (1661–1751), Sweden – Padlock
- Nikolai Polikarpov (1892–1944), Russia – Po -series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik (world's most produced biplane )
- Eugene Polley (1915–2012), U.S. – wireless remote control (with Robert Adler )
- Ivan Polzunov (1728–1766), Russia – first two-cylinder steam engine
- Mikhail Pomortsev (1851–1916), Russia – nephoscope
- Olivia Poole (1889–1975), U.S. – Jolly Jumper baby harness
- Alexander Popov (1859–1906), Russia – radio pioneer, created a radio receiver that worked as a lightning detector
- Nikolay Popov (1931–2008), Russia – first fully gas turbine main battle tank ( T-80 )
- Josef Popper (1838–1921), Austria – discovered the transmission of power by electricity.
- Aleksandr Porokhovschikov (1892–1941), Russia – Vezdekhod (the first prototype tank , or tankette , and the first caterpillar amphibious ATV )
- Ignazio Porro (1801–1875), Italy – Porro prism , strip camera
- Valdemar Poulsen (1869–1942), Denmark – magnetic wire recorder , arc converter
- Joseph Priestley (1733–1804), UK – soda water
- Robert Taylor Pritchett (1828–1907), UK – Pritchett bullet
- Alexander Procofieff de Seversky (1894–1974), Russia/U.S. – first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, ionocraft , also developed air-to-air refueling
- Alexander Prokhorov (1916–2002), Russia – co-inventor of laser and maser
- Petro Prokopovych (1775–1850), Russian Empire – early beehive frame , queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties
- Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863–1944), Russia/France – early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures
- Mark Publicover (born 1958), U.S. – first affordable trampoline safety net enclosure
- George Pullman (1831–1897), U.S. – Pullman sleep wagon
- Michael I. Pupin (1858–1935), Serbia – pupinization (loading coils), tunable oscillator
- Tivadar Puskás (1844–1893), Hungary – telephone exchange
Q
- Calvin Quate (1923–2019), with Gerd Binnig (born 1947), and with Christoph Gerber (1942–), U.S./Germany/Switzerland – Atomic force microscope
- Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874), France/Belgium – Body mass index (BMI)
R
- Jacob Rabinow (1910–1999), U.S. – Magnetic particle clutch , various Phonograph -related patents
- John Goffe Rand (1801–1873), U.S. – Tube (container)
- Robert Ransome (1753–1830), England – improvement to the plough
- Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) (865–965), Persia / Iran – distillation and extraction methods, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid , soap kerosene , kerosene lamp , chemotherapy , sodium hydroxide
- Alec Reeves (1902–1971), UK – Pulse-code modulation
- Karl von Reichenbach (1788–1869), Germany – paraffin , creosote oil , phenol
- Tadeus Reichstein (1897–1996), Poland/Switzerland – Reichstein process (industrial vitamin C synthesis)
- Ira Remsen (1846–1927), U.S. – saccharin
- Ralf Reski (born 1958), Germany – Moss bioreactor 1998
- Josef Ressel (1793–1857), Czechoslovakia – ship propeller
- William Reynolds (1758–1803), England – canal inclined plane
- Ri Sung-gi (1905–1996), North Korea – Vinylon
- Charles Francis Richter (1900–1985), U.S. – Richter magnitude scale
- Adolph Rickenbacker (1886–1976), Switzerland – Electric guitar
- Hyman George Rickover (1900–1986), U.S. – Nuclear submarine
- Niklaus Riggenbach (1817–1899), Switzerland – Riggenbach rack railway system , Counter-pressure brake
- Dennis Ritchie (1941–2011), U.S. – C (programming language)
- Gilles de Roberval (1602–1675), France – Roberval balance
- John Roebuck (1718–1794) UK – lead chamber process for sulfuric acid synthesis
- Francis Rogallo (1912–2009), U.S. – Rogallo wing
- Heinrich Rohrer (1933–2013), together with Gerd Binnig (1947–), Switzerland/Germany – Scanning tunneling microscope
- Peter I the Great (Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov), Tsar and Emperor of Russia (1672–1725), Russia – decimal currency , yacht club , sounding line with separating plummet ( sounding weight probe )
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923), Germany – the X-ray machine
- Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973), Belarus /Russia/U.S. – Bra ( Maidenform ), the standard of cup sizes , nursing bra , full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)
- Sidney Rosenthal (1907–1979), U.S. – Magic Marker
- Eugene Roshal (born 1972), Russia – FAR file manager, RAR file format , WinRAR file archiver
- Boris Rosing (1869–1933), Russia – CRT television (first television system using CRT on the receiving side)
- Guido van Rossum (born 1956), The Netherlands – Python (programming language)
- Michael Rothman , U.S. – UEFI
- Subrata Roy (scientist) (born 1962), India, U.S. – Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle , Serpentine geometry plasma actuator , micro-scale actuators
- Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (1754–1785), France – Rozière balloon
- Ernő Rubik (born 1944), Hungary – Rubik's Cube , Rubik's Magic and Rubik's Clock
- Ernst Ruska (1906–1988), Germany – electron microscope
- William Chester Ruth (1882–1971), U.S. – combination baler feeder, self-lifting farm elevator
- François van Rysselberghe (1846–1893), Belgium – Universal meteorograph, Condenser telephone
S
- Albert Bruce Sabin (1906–1993), U.S. – oral Polio vaccine
- Alexander Sablukov (1783–1857), Russia – centrifugal fan
- Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385–1468), Turkey – illustrated surgical atlas
- Gilles Saint-Hilaire (born 1948), Canada – Quasiturbine , Qurbine
- Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989), Russia – invented explosively pumped flux compression generator , co-developed the Tsar Bomb and tokamak
- Jonas Edward Salk (1914–1995), U.S. – injection Polio vaccine
- Robert Salmon (1763–1821), England – agricultural implements
- Franz San Galli (1824–1908), Poland/Russia ( Italian and German descent) – radiator , central heating
- Frederick Sanger (1918–2013), U.S. – Sanger sequencing (= DNA sequencing)
- Larry Sanger (born 1968), together with Jimmy Wales, U.S. – Wikipedia
- Yoshiyuki Sankai (born c. 1957), Japan – Robotic exoskeleton for motion support (medicine)
- Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873–1932), Brazil – non-rigid airship and airplane
- Arthur William Savage (1857–1938) – radial tires , gun magazines , Savage Model 99 lever action rifle
- Thomas Savery (1650–1715), UK – steam engine
- Adolphe Sax (1814–1894), Belgium – saxophone
- Vincent Joseph Schaefer (1906–1993), U.S. – Cloud seeding by dry ice
- Bela Schick (1877–1967), Hungary – diphtheria test
- Wilhelm Schickard (1592–1635), Germany – mechanical calculator
- Hugo Schiff (1834–1915), Germany – Schiff test (histology)
- Pavel Schilling (1786–1837), Estonia /Russia – first electromagnetic telegraph , mine with an electric fuse
- Gilmore Schjeldahl (1912–2002), U.S. – Airsickness bag
- Hubert Schlafly (1919–2011), U.S. – Teleprompter = Autocue
- Wilhelm Schlenk (1879–1943), Germany – Schlenk flask (chemistry)
- Bernhard Schmidt (1879–1935), Estonia/Germany – Schmidt camera
- Friedrich Schmiedl (1902–1994), Austria – rocket mail
- Otto Schmitt (1913–1998), U.S. – Schmitt trigger (electronics)
- Christian Schnabel (1878–1936), German – simplistic food cutleries
- Kees A. Schouhamer Immink (born 1946), Netherlands – Major contributor to development of compact disc
- August Schrader (1807–1894), U.S. – Schrader valve for Pneumatic tire
- David Schwarz (1852–1897), Croatia , – rigid airship , later called Zeppelin
- Raymond Scott (1908–1994), U.S. – inventor and developer of electronic music technology
- Girolamo Segato (1792–1836), Italy – artificial petrifaction of human cadavers
- Marc Seguin (1786–1875), France – wire-cable suspension bridge
- Hanaoka Seishū (1760–1835), Japan – General anaesthetic
- Ted Selker (inv. 1987), U.S. – Pointing stick
- Sennacherib (705–681 BC), Iraq ( Mesopotamia ) – screw pump
- Léon Serpollet (1858–1907), France – Flash boiler , Gardner-Serpollet steam car
- Iwan Serrurier (1878–1953), Netherlands/U.S. – inventor of the Moviola for film editing
- Mark Serrurier (1904–1988), U.S. – Serrurier truss for Optical telescopes
- Gerhard Sessler (born 1931), Germany – foil electret microphone , silicon microphone
- Guy Severin (1926–2008), Russia – extra-vehicular activity supporting system
- Ed Seymour (inv. c. 1949), U.S. – Aerosol paint
- Leonty Shamshurenkov (1687–1758), Russia – first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile ), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304–1375), Syria – "jewel box" device which combined a compass with a universal sundial
- Bi Sheng ( Chinese : 畢昇 ) (c. 990–1051), China – clay movable type printing
- Patsy O’Connell Sherman (1930–2008), U.S. – Scotchgard
- Murasaki Shikibu (c. 973–1025), Japan – psychological novel
- Pyotr Shilovsky (1871–1957), Russia/UK – gyrocar
- Masatoshi Shima (born 1943), Japan – microprocessor
- Fathullah Shirazi (c. 1582), Mughal India – early volley gun
- Joseph Shivers (1920–2014), U.S. – Spandex
- William Bradford Shockley (1910–1989), U.S. – co-inventor of transistor
- Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), UK – Shrapnel shell ammunition
- Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939), Russia – thermal cracking ( Shukhov cracking process ), thin-shell structure , tensile structure , hyperboloid structure , gridshell , oil pipeline , cylindric oil depot
- Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (born 1972), Malaysia – cell growth in outer space , crystallization of proteins and microbes in space
- Augustus Siebe (1788–1872), Germany/UK – Inventor of the standard diving dress
- Sir William Siemens (1823–1883), Germany – regenerative furnace
- Werner von Siemens (1816–1892), Germany – electric elevator , Electromote (= first trolleybus ), an early Dynamo
- Al-Sijzi (c. 945–1020), Persia / Iran – heliocentric astrolabe
- Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972), Russia/U.S. – first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft ( Russky Vityaz ), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber ( Ilya Muromets ), helicopter , Sikorsky -series helicopters
- Bernard Silver (1924–1963), together with Norman Joseph Woodland (1921–2012), U.S. – Barcode
- Kia Silverbrook (born 1958), Australia – Memjet printer , world's most prolific inventor
- Luther Simjian (1905–1997), Armenia /U.S. - Automated teller machine (ATM)
- Vladimir Simonov (1935–2020), Russia – APS Underwater Assault Rifle , SPP-1 underwater pistol
- Charles Simonyi (born 1948), Hungary – Hungarian notation
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037), Persia / Iran – steam distillation , essential oil , pharmacopoeia , clinical pharmacology , clinical trial , randomized controlled trial , quarantine , cancer surgery, cancer therapy , pharmacotherapy , phytotherapy , Hindiba, Taxus baccata L, calcium channel blocker
- Clive Sinclair (1940–2021), U.K. - Sinclair C5 , ZX Spectrum and A-bike
- Isaac Singer (1811–1875), U.S. – sewing machine
- B. F. Skinner (1904–1990), U.S. – Operant conditioning chamber
- Nikolay Slavyanov (1854–1897), Russia – shielded metal arc welding
- Alexander Smakula (1900–1983), Ukraine /Russia/U.S. – anti-reflective coating
- Michael Smith (1932–2000), U.S. – Site-directed mutagenesis (molecular biology)
- Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), together with Sir Martin John Evans (born 1941), and Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), U.S. – Knockout mouse , Gene targeting
- Yefim Smolin , Russia – table-glass ( stakan granyonyi )
- Friedrich Soennecken (1848–1919), Germany – Ring binder , Hole punch
- Su Song (1020–1101), China – first chain drive
- Marin Soljačić (born 1974), Croatia – Resonant inductive coupling
- Edwin Southern (born 1938), U.S. – Southern blot (molecular biology)
- Alfred P. Southwick (1826–1898), U.S. – Electric chair
- Igor Spassky (born 1926), Russia – Sea Launch platform
- Percy Spencer (1894–1970), U.S. – microwave oven
- Elmer Ambrose Sperry (1860–1930), U.S. – gyroscope-guided automatic pilot
- Lyman Spitzer (1914–1997), U.S. – Stellarator (physics)
- Frank J. Sprague (1857–1934), father of electric traction, electric elevator improvements and electric multiple unit trains.
- Bhargav Sri Prakash (born 1977), India/U.S. – Digital vaccines , learnification platform at FriendsLearn , virtual reality system, electromagnetic collision avoidance system, OBD based in-vehicle powertrain performance measurement, rate-based driver controls for drive by wire systems
- Richard Stallman (born 1953), U.S. – GNU operating system, GNU Emacs , GNU Compiler Collection
- Ladislas Starevich (1882–1965), Russia/France – puppet animation , live-action/animated film
- Gary Starkweather (1938–2019), U.S. – laser printer , color management
- John Kemp Starley (1855–1901), U.K. – safety bicycle
- Betsey Ann Stearns (1830–1914), U.S. – garment cutting diagram and system
- Boris Stechkin (1891–1969), Russia – co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Tsar Tank , developer of Soviet heat and aircraft engines
- George Stephenson (1781–1848), UK – steam railway
- Simon Stevin (1548–1620), Netherlands – land yacht
- Andreas Stihl (1896–1973), Switzerland/Germany – electric chain saw
- Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (1790–1878), Scotland – Stirling engine
- Aurel Stodola (1859–1942), Slovakia – gas turbines
- Aleksandr Stoletov (1839–1896), Russia – first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect
- Levi Strauss (1829–1902), U.S. – blue jeans
- John Stringfellow (1799–1883), UK – aerial steam carriage
- Bjarne Stroustrup (born 1950), Denmark – C++ (programming language)
- Almon Strowger (1839–1902), U.S. – automatic telephone exchange
- Emil Strub (1858–1909), Switzerland – Strub rack railway system
- Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi) (903–986), Persia / Iran – timekeeping astrolabe , navigational astrolabe , surveying astrolabe
- René Núñez Suárez (born 1945/1946), El Salvador – "turbococina" (turbo-cooker)
- Kyota Sugimoto (1882–1972), Japan – Japanese language typewriter
- Mutsuo Sugiura (1918–1986), Japan – Esophagogastroduodenoscope
- Pavel Sukhoi (1895–1975), Russia – Su -series fighter aircraft
- Simon Sunatori (born 1959), Canada – inventor of MagneScribe and Magic Spicer
- Sushruta (600 BC), Vedic India – inventor of Plastic Surgery, Cataract Surgery, Rhinoplasty
- Theodor Svedberg (1884–1971), Sweden – Analytical ultracentrifuge
- Joseph Swan (1828–1914), UK – Incandescent light bulb
- Robert Swanson (1905–1994), Canada – invented and developed the first multi-chime air horn for use with diesel locomotives
- Remi Swierczek (born 1958), Poland – inventor of Music Identification System and the Mico Changer (coin hopper and dispenser used in casinos)
- Andrei Sychra (c.1773/76–1850), Lithuania /Russia, Czech descent – Russian seven-string guitar
- Walter Sylvester (1867–1944), UK – the "Sylvester", for safely removing pit props
- Vladimir Syromyatnikov (1933–2006), Russia – Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms
- Simon Sze (born 1936), Taiwan/U.S., together with Dawon Kahng (1931–1992), South Korea – Floating-gate MOSFET
- Leó Szilárd (1898–1964), Hungary/U.S. – co-developed the atomic bomb , patented the nuclear reactor , catalyst of the Manhattan Project
T
- Muhammad Saleh Thattvi ( fl. 1659–1660), Mughal India – seamless globe and celestial globe
- Gyula Takátsy (1914–1980), Hungary – first Microtiter plate
- Esther Takeuchi (born 1953) – holds more than 150 US-patents, the largest number for any woman in the United States
- Igor Tamm (1895–1971), Russia – co-developer of tokamak
- Ching W. Tang (born 1947), Hong Kong/U.S., together with Steven Van Slyke , U.S. – OLED
- Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi (c. 1187), Middle East – counterweight trebuchet , mangonel
- Gustav Tauschek (1899–1945), Austria – Drum memory
- Kenyon Taylor (1908–1986), U.S. – Flip-disc display
- Bernard Tellegen (1900–1990), Netherlands – pentode
- Edward Teller (1908–2003), Hungary – hydrogen bomb
- Eli Terry (1772–1852)
- Michel Ter-Pogossian (1925–1996), Armenia/U.S. – Positron emission tomography (PET)
- Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), Serbia – induction motor , high-voltage / high-frequency power experiments, the transmission of electrical power
- Avie Tevanian (born 1961), Armenia/U.S. – Mach kernel , NeXTSTEP , macOS
- Léon Theremin (1896–1993), Russia – theremin , interlace , burglar alarm , terpsitone , Rhythmicon (first drum machine ), The Thing (listening device)
- Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar (1785–1870), France – Arithmometer
- Elihu Thomson (1853–1937), UK, U.S. – Prolific inventor, Arc lamp and many others
- William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), UK – Kelvin absolute temperature scale
- Eric Tigerstedt (1887–1925), Finland – Sound-on-film , triode vacuum tube
- Kálmán Tihanyi (1897–1947), Hungary – co-inventor of cathode ray tube and iconoscope , infrared video camera, plasma display
- Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974), Russia – co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Keldysh , designer of further Sputniks
- Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov (1875–1960), Russia – feathering spectrograph
- Benjamin Chew Tilghman (1821–1897), U.S. – sandblasting
- Fedor Tokarev (1871–1968), Russia – TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle
- Ray Tomlinson (1941–2016), U.S. – First inter-computer email
- Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), Italy – barometer
- Linus Torvalds (born 1969), Finland/U.S. – Linux kernel
- Alfred Traeger (1895–1980), Australia – Pedal radio
- Richard Trevithick (1771–1833), UK – high-pressure steam engine , first full-scale steam locomotive
- Franc Trkman (1903–1978), Slovenia – electrical switches, accessories for opening windows
- Hans Tropsch (1889–1935), together with Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877–1947), Germany – Fischer–Tropsch process (refinery process)
- Yuri Trutnev (1927–2021), Russia – co-developer of the Tsar Bomb
- Roger Y. Tsien (1952–2016), together with Osamu Shimomura (1928–2018) and Martin Chalfie (born 1947), U.S. – Discovery and development of Green fluorescent protein
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), Russia – spaceflight
- Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russia – chromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography , the first chromatography method)
- Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001), Russia – the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet)
- Andrei Tupolev (1888–1972), Russia – turboprop powered long-range airliner ( Tupolev Tu-114 ), turboprop strategic bomber ( Tupolev Tu-95 )
- Alan Turing (1912–1954), UK – Turing machine
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1201–1274), Persia / Iran – observatory , Tusi-couple
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1135–1213), Persia / Iran – linear astrolabe
- Ralph Hart Tweddell (1843–1895), England – portable hydraulic riveter
U
- Shintaro Uda (1869–1976), together with Hidetsugu Yagi (1886–1976), Japan – Yagi–Uda antenna –
- Lewis Urry (1927–2004), Canada – long-lasting alkaline battery
- Tomislav Uzelac , Croatia – first successful MP3 player, AMP
V
- Ira Van Gieson (1866–1913), U.S. – Van Gieson's stain (histology)
- Theophilus Van Kannel (1841–1919), U.S. – revolving door (1888)
- Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966), Russia – synchrophasotron , co-inventor of synchrotron
- John Venn (1834–1923), UK – Venn diagram (1881)
- Auguste Victor Louis Verneuil (1856–1913), France – Verneuil process (crystal growth)
- Pierre Vernier (1580–1637), France – Vernier scale (1631)
- Lucien Vidi (1805–1866), France – Barograph
- Edgar Villchur (1917–2011), U.S. – Acoustic suspension (loudspeaker)
- Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (1895–1973), Finland – AIV fodder
- Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), Italy – battery , see also Voltaic pile
- Bernard Vonnegut (1914–1997), together with Henry Chessin , and Richard E. Passarelli Jr. , U.S. – Cloud seeding by silver iodide
- Ivan Vučetić (1858–1925), Croatia – method of fingerprint classification
W
- Ruth Graves Wakefield (1903–1977), U.S. – chocolate chip cookie
- Paul Walden (1863–1957), Latvia /Russia/Germany – Walden inversion , Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid )
- Jimmy Wales (born 1966), together with Larry Sanger, U.S. – Wikipedia
- Adam Walker (1730–1821), UK – eidouranion
- Madam C.J. Walker (1867–1919), U.S. – beauty and hair products for African American women
- Barnes Wallis (1887–1979), UK – bouncing bomb
- Frederick Walton (c. 1834–1928), UK – Linoleum
- Maurice Ward (1933–2011), UK – Starlite
- Aldred Scott Warthin (1866–1931), together with Allen Chronister Starry (1890–1973), U.S. – Warthin–Starry stain (histology)
- Robert Watson-Watt (1892–1973), Scotland – microwave radar
- James Watt (1736–1819), Scotland – improved Steam engine
- Thomas Wedgwood (1771–1805), UK – first (not permanent) photograph
- Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858–1929), Austria – Gas mantle , ferrocerium
- Jonas Wenström (1855–1893), Sweden – three-phase electrical power
- George Westinghouse (1846–1914), U.S. – Air brake (rail)
- Charles Wheatstone (1802–1875), UK – concertina , stereoscope , microphone , Playfair cipher , pseudoscope , dynamo
- Richard T. Whitcomb (1921–2009), U.S. – Supercritical airfoil , Winglet
- Cornelius Whitehouse (1796–1883), UK – method of manufacturing tubes cheaply and accurately
- Eli Whitney (1765–1825), U.S. – cotton gin
- Frank Whittle (1907–1996), UK – co-inventor of the jet engine
- Otto Wichterle (1913–1989), Czechoslovakia – soft contact lens
- Norman Wilkinson (1878–1971), UK – Dazzle camouflage
- Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1869–1959), UK – Cloud chamber
- Paul Winchell (1922–2005), U.S. – artificial heart
- Sergei Winogradsky (1856–1953), Russia / USSR – Winogradsky column for culturing microorganisms
- Niklaus Wirth (born 1934), Switzerland – Pascal (programming language)
- A. Baldwin Wood (1879–1956), U.S. – high volume pump
- Norman Joseph Woodland (1921–2012), together with Bernard Silver (1924–1963), U.S. – Barcode
- Granville Woods (1856–1910), U.S. – Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph
- Steve Wozniak (born 1950), U.S. – Apple I & II computers, early Macintosh concepts, CL 9 CORE universal remote and other devices and applications.
- James Homer Wright (1869–1928), U.S. – Wright's stain (histology)
- Wright brothers , Orville (1871–1948) and Wilbur (1867–1912) – U.S. – powered airplane
- Wu Yulu , Chinese farmer and inventor of home-made robots
- Adam Wybe (1584–1653), Dutch – inventor of the cable car on multiple supports
- Arthur Wynne (1871–1945), UK – creator of crossword puzzle
X
- Yi Xing (683–727), China – Astronomical clock
Y
- Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894), Russia – Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp )
- Hidetsugu Yagi (1886–1976), together with Shintaro Uda (1896–1976), Japan – Yagi–Uda antenna
- Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989), Russia – Yak -series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet )
- Linus Yale Jr. (1821–1868), U.S. – cylinder lock
- Linus Yale Sr. (1797–1858), U.S. – pin tumbler lock
- Shunpei Yamazaki (born 1942), Japan – patents in computer science and solid-state physics , see List of prolific inventors
- Gazi Yaşargil (born 1925), Turkey – Microneurosurgery
- Ryōichi Yazu (1878–1908), Japan – Yazu Arithmometer
- Gunpei Yokoi (1941–1997), Japan – Game Boy
- Arthur M. Young (1905–1995), U.S. – Bell Helicopter
- Vladimir Yourkevich (1885–1964), Russia/France/U.S. – ship hull design
- Tu Youyou (born 1930), China – Artemisinin
- Sergei Yudin (1891–1954), Russia – cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations
- Muhammad Yunus (born 1940), Bangladesh – microcredit , microfinance
- Abu Yusuf Yaqub (c. 1274), Morocco / Spain – siege cannon
- Abraham Albert Yuzpe (born 1938), U.S. – Yuzpe regimen (= form of Emergency contraception )
Z
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936–1013), Islamic Spain – catgut surgical suture , various surgical instruments and dental devices
- Frank Zamboni (1901–1988), U.S. – Ice resurfacer
- Giuseppe Zamboni (1776–1846), Italy – Zamboni pile (early battery)
- Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917), Russia/Poland – Esperanto
- Walter Zapp (1905–2003), Latvia/Estonia/Germany – Minox (subminiature camera)
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) (1028–1087), Islamic Spain – almanac , equatorium , universal astrolabe
- Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976), Russia – EPR spectroscopy , co-developer of NMR spectroscopy
- Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953), Russia – first effective filtering coal gas mask in the world
- Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917), Germany – Zeppelin
- Frits Zernike (1888–1966), The Netherlands – Phase contrast microscope
- Tang Zhongming (1897–1980), China – internal combustion engine powered by charcoal
- Jian Zhou (1957–1999), together with Ian Hector Frazer (born 1953), China/U.S. – HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
- Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921), Russia – early wind tunnel , co-developer of the Tsar Tank
- Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), together with Giulio Natta (1903–1979), Germany/Italy – Ziegler–Natta catalyst
- Franz Ziehl (1857–1926), together with Friedrich Neelsen (1854–1898), Germany – Ziehl–Neelsen stain (histology)
- Konrad Zuse (1910–1995), Germany – invented the first programmable general-purpose computer ( Z1 , Z2 , Z3 , Z4 )
- Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956), Russia – matryoshka doll (together with Sergey Malyutin )
- Vladimir Zworykin (1889–1982), Russia/U.S. – Iconoscope , kinescope
See also
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Inventors
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- ↑ "Marie Curie" . History . 2020-02-25 . Retrieved 2023-03-08 .
- ↑ "Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity" . history.aip.org . Retrieved 2023-03-08 .
- ↑ Office, European Patent. "Women inventors" . www.epo.org . Retrieved 2023-03-08 .
- ↑ Stanley, Autumn (1995). Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology . Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2197-8 .
- ↑ "FPO IP Research & Communities" . Freepatentsonline.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-13 . Retrieved 2012-10-22 .
- ↑ Parada (n.d.), George. "Panzerkampfwagen T-34(r)" . Achtungpanzer.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008 . Retrieved November 17, 2008 .
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