Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria
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This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria . It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties label themselves as a liberal party.
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Liberalism was a dominant political force at the end of the nineteenth century. The current got strongly divided.
History
After the restoration of democracy in 1990, some parties got a liberal character. Liberalism is now represented by the mainly Turkish minority party Movement for Rights and Freedoms ( Dviženie za prava i svobodi , observer LI , member ELDR ), the National Movement for Simeon II ( Nacionalno Dviženie Simeon Vtori , member LI , ELDR ) and Democratic Bulgaria ( Demokratichna Balgariya ), both taking a more or less liberal position.
From Liberal Party to Democratic Party
- 1879: Liberal forces united in the Liberal Party ( Liberalna Partija )
- 1884: A right-wing faction formed the ⇒ Progressive Liberal Party
- 1886: Another right-wing faction formed the ⇒ People's Liberal Party
- 1887: A third faction formed the ⇒ Radoslav Liberal Party
- 1896: The party is renamed into Democratic Party ( Demokratičeska Partija )
- 1905: A radical faction seceded as the ⇒ Radical Democratic Party
- 1923: A faction joined the Democratic Alliance ( Demokratičeski Sgovor )
- 1934: The party is banned by the dictatorship
- 1945: The party is revived
- 1947: The party is banned by the communist dictatorship
- 1989: The party is revived as a Christian conservative party
Progressive Liberal Party
- 1884: A right-wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party formed the Progressive Liberal Party ( Progresivnoliberalna Partija )
- 1920: The party merged into the United People's Progressive Party ( Obedinena Narodnoprogresivna Partija )
People's Liberal Party
- 1886: A right-wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party formed the People's Liberal Party ( Narodnoliberalna Partija )
- 1920: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party
Radoslavist Liberal Party / National Liberal Party
- 1887: A right-wing faction of the ⇒ Liberal Party formed the Radoslav Liberal Party ( Liberalna-Radoslavistka Partija )
- 1904: A right-wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Tonchevist Young Liberal Party
- 1920: The party merged with the ⇒ Tonchevist Young Liberal Party and the ⇒ People's Liberal Party into the National Liberal Party ( Nacionalliberalna Partija )
- 1934: The party is banned by the dictatorship
Tonchevist Young Liberal Party
- 1904: A right-wing faction of the ⇒ Radoslav Liberal Party seceded as the Tonchevist Young Liberal Party ( Mladoliberalna Partija-Tončevisti )
- 1920: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party
Radical (Democratic) Party
- 1905: A radical faction of the ⇒ Democratic Party seceded as the Radical Democratic Party ( Radikaldemokratičeska Partija )
- 1922: The party is renamed Radical Party ( Radikalna Partija )
- 1923: A faction joined the Democratic Alliance ( Demokratičeski Sgovor )
- 1934: The party is banned by the dictatorship
- 1945: The party is revived
- 1949: The party is banned by the communist dictatorship
- 1989: The party is refounded as the Radical Democratic Party ( Radikaldemokratičeska Partija )
- 1990s: The party took part in various electoral alliances with decreasing success
Movement for Rights and Freedoms
- 1990: Representatives of the Turkish minority formed the Movement for Rights and Freedoms ( Dviženie za Prava i Svobodi ), that develops in a more or less liberal direction
National Movement for Simeon II
- 2001: Followers of the ex-king formed the personalist National Movement for Simeon II ( Nacionalno Dviženie Simeon Vtori ), that takes a more or less liberal position in the spectrum
- 2006: GERB split from NDSV, which adopted more conservative position than NDSV.
"Blue" Parties/Urban Right
- 1989: Centre-right and conservative forces form the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS).
- 1997: SDS forms with minor parties such as ⇒ Democratic Party, National DPS (split from ⇒ DPS), Union of Free Democrats (split from SDS) and ⇒ RDP the United Democratic Forces .
- 2005: The conservative-liberal Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria ( Демократи за силна България ) split from the conservative SDS.
- 2007: Mariya Kapon leaves ⇒ Democratic Party and forms the United People's Party ( Единна народна партия ).
- 2008: Gospodin Tonev leaves SDS and forms the Bulgarian Democratic Community ( Българска демократична общност ).
- 2009: The conservative SDS, DSB, the social democratic Bulgarian Social Democratic Party , the agrarian United Agrarians and ⇒ Radical Democratic Party formed the centre-right Blue Coalition , leading to a series of centre-right coalitions which take a more or less liberal position in the spectrum.
- 2012: Meglena Kuneva leaves ⇒ NDSV and formed Bulgaria for Citizens Movement ( Движение „България на гражданите“ ).
- 2012: Nadezhda Neynsky leaves SDS and formed Blue Unity ( Синьо единство ).
- 2014: BNG, DSB and SDS formed the Reformist Bloc . SE and ENP formed The Rights.
- 2014: Movement for European Unification and Solidarity ( Движение за европейско обединение и солидарност ) was formed and the Democratic Action Movement ( Движение „Демократично действие“ ) split from SDS.
- 2015: DSB leaves the Reformist Bloc.
- 2017: Former Minister of Justice Hristo Ivanov formed Yes, Bulgaria! ( Да, България! ) and joins forces with DEOS. DSB and BDO form the "New Republic".
- 2018: Blue Unity and DEOS dissolve. Coalition for you Bulgaria ( Коалиция за теб България ) was formed.
- 2018: DSB, the green-liberal Green Movement and Yes, Bulgaria! form Democratic Bulgaria .
- 2019: ENP and DS form "Rise".
- 2021: ENP and DBG join Stand Up! Mafia, Get Out! . KztB and BDO form "We, the Citizens". DS dissolves. Dignity of United People ( Достойнството на един народ ) split from DBG to join Democratic Bulgaria.
We Continue the Change
- 2021: Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev and formed We Continue the Change , that takes a more or less liberal position in the spectrum.
- 2022: We Continue the Change ( Продължаваме промяната ) became a party.
Liberal leaders
-
Pre-communist period
- Democratic Party: Petko Karavelov - Aleksandar Malinov - Nikola Mushanov
- Progressive Liberal Party: Dragan Tsankov - Stoyan Danev
- People's Liberal Party: Stefan Stambolov - Dimitar Petkov
- Radoslavist Liberal Party: Vasil Radoslavov
- Post-communist period
- Zhelyu Zhelev - Ahmed Dogan - Simeon Sakskoburggotski - Ognyan Gerdzhikov
See also
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