Heraldic clan
Noble bearers of the same coat of arms in Poland
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Herb_Gozdawa.jpg/150px-Herb_Gozdawa.jpg)
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A heraldic clan ( ród herbowy ), in Poland , comprised all the noble ( szlachta ) bearers of the same coat of arms . The members of a heraldic clan were not necessarily related by blood . The concept was unique to Polish heraldry .
History
The Polish word herb derives from the German Erbe , "inheritance" or "heritage", [1] and denotes a coat of arms . Unrelated families could be granted the same coat of arms and thus become co-armigers sharing the same herb . Bearers of the same coat of arms were variously called herbowni , współherbowni (co-armorials), or klejnotni , from klejnot , "jewel". The numbers of such individual families often reached several dozen; several hundred were not uncommon. [2] [3]
The heraldic clan tradition provides one of the hypotheses about the origins of the Polish nobility . A unique feature of Polish heraldry was the practice of inducting unrelated families into the same coat of arms, sometimes with minor variations of tincture . In time, all those families were integrated into the Polish nobility, the szlachta . [4] The number of families within a particular heraldic clan varied over time and could be affected by heraldic adoption . Entire noble classes from other nations, for example from Lithuania , were granted indygenat , and incorporated into the Polish nobility and its heraldic system. Removal from the heraldic system was also possible, by vituperatio nobilitatis , a legal procedure for revocation of nobility . [5]
Heraldic clans have their own names, usually stemming from the clan's ancient seat or battle cry ; or from the way the arms were depicted, making them canting arms . The derivation of many Polish heraldic family names from battle cries has given rise to the now outdated [ why? ] term " proclamatio arms", referring to the names' hortatory nature. [ citation needed ]
From the 17th to the 20th centuries, belonging to a distinguished house and a shared armorial lineage mattered to members of the szlachta . Because of this, most modern Polish armorials are arranged by clan names, rather than by their respective family arms, as was the case with 16th-century armorials. [6]
See also
- List of szlachta
- List of Polish titled nobility
- Polish name
- Polish heraldry
- Sippe
- Norse clans
- Scottish clans
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References
- ↑ Słownik wyrazów obcych [Dictionary of Foreign Expressions], Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe , 1971, p. 274.
- ↑ Maurycy Orgelbrand - (praca zbiorowa): Słownik Języka Polskiego. Wilno 1861: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne I Filmowe - /reprint/ - Warszawa, 1986, s. 398.
- ↑ "Instytut Genealogii" (in Polish). 2023-04-30 . Retrieved 2023-08-17 .
- ↑ Maurycy Orgelbrand - (praca zbiorowa): Słownik Języka Polskiego (A Dictionary of the Polish Language), Wilno , 1861: reprint, Warsaw , Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1986, p. 398.
- ↑ http://www.instytut-genealogii.com.pl/index.php?mod=artykuly&id=2&itemid=92 "Tworzenie się polskich rodów heraldycznych" - "Creation of Polish Heraldic Families", Pro Fide, Lege et Rege no. 1 (48) /2004 [retrieved February 22, 2013]
- ↑ Paprocki - http://literat.ug.edu.pl/grafika/herby.htm