Gentleman farmer
Landowner and hobby farmer
In the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, a gentleman farmer is a landowner who has a farm ( gentleman's farm ) as part of his estate and who farms as a hobby rather than for profit or sustenance. [1] [2]
The Collins English Dictionary defines a gentleman farmer in the United Kingdom as one who is actively involved in farming but does not do it for a living, or a person who happens to own a farm but does not farm it himself (paraphrase). A gentleman farmer of the United States is defined as a rich man who can afford to farm for pleasure, or a rich man who farms not to earn, but because he is interested in it (paraphrase). [3]
The farm can vary from under ten to hundreds or even thousands of acres, and may produce any number of types of grains, poultry, or other livestock. A gentleman farmer employs labourers and may also employ a farm manager, and the farm is usually not the chief source of his income. He generally has his own private income , works in a profession, owns a large business elsewhere, or some combination of the three. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Some notable British gentlemen farmers include: Thomas Shaw-Hellier , director of the British Army 's Royal Military School of Music and a breeder of Jersey cattle ; William Strickland, 6th Baron Boynton , of Yorkshire , numismatist and author of the Journal of a Tour of the United States of America, 1794–95 ; the pirate Edward Collier , second-in-command to Sir Henry Morgan during his expeditions in Spain; and the Kent County Cricket Club cricketer Hopper Levett .
American examples include James Roosevelt I , the father of President Franklin D. Roosevelt ; Dwight D. Eisenhower , who retired to a farm near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania , after leaving the White House ; Winthrop Rockefeller , son of John D. Rockefeller Jr. , who moved to Arkansas in 1953 and established Winrock Farms on Petit Jean Mountain ; James Jefferson Webster , who owned multiple business and served in the Rockingham County local government; Frederick Hinde Zimmerman ; [8] Frank C. Rathje ; William Locke Allison, known for Allison Woods , which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995; [9] and Robert Williams Daniel , a bank executive who survived the sinking of the Titanic and later married Margery Durant , daughter of General Motors founder Billy Durrant , and was elected to the Virginia Senate in 1935. His farm, Brandon , one of the oldest continuous agricultural operations in the United States, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, [9] and was further declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1985. [10] [11]
See also
References
-
↑
"Definition - "Gentleman Farmer"
"
. Oxford University Press. 2016. Archived from
the original
on 16 September 2013
. Retrieved
25 June
2016
.
A country gentleman who has a farm as part of his estate.
-
↑
"Definition - Gentleman farmer"
. Merriam-Webster, An Encyclopædia Britannica Company
. Retrieved
25 June
2016
.
A man who farms mainly for pleasure rather than for profit
- ↑ "Collins: "gentleman farmer" " . collinsdictionary.com . Collins . Retrieved 9 February 2021 .
- ↑ Claudius Loudon, John (1839). "An encyclopædia of agriculture ... Fourth edition, etc - Book I Agricultural Artists (Page 1123)" . Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, &Longmans . Retrieved 25 June 2015 .
-
↑
Kames, Lord Henry Home (1776).
The Gentleman Farmer: Being an Attempt to Improve Agriculture by Subjecting it to the Test of Rational Principles
. W. Creech. p.
67
. Retrieved
25 June
2015
.
gentlemen farmers lord acreage sheep.
-
↑
Quinn, Tom (1 April 2012).
Life on the Old Farm (Chapter - A Farming Dynasty)
. David & Charles.
ISBN
9781446354773
. Retrieved
25 June
2016
.
My father was a gentleman farmer in the sense that he had a private income... he didn't need to worry too much if the farm itself didn't make any money.
- ↑ "Gentleman farmer" . Encarta. Archived from the original on 20 September 2009 . Retrieved 19 July 2009 .
- ↑ Unsigned (22 September 1924). "Fred Zimmerman Obituary". Daily Republican Register .
- 1 2 "National Register Information System" . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . 9 July 2010.
-
↑
James Dillon (17 October 1974).
"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Brandon, Brandon Plantation "Lower Brandon"
"
(pdf)
. National Park Service.
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( help ) and Accompanying four photos, interior and exterior, from 1969 and 1974 (32 KB) -
↑
Staff, Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, James W. Moody, Jr., Director (24 July 1969).
"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Brandon"
(PDF)
. National Park Service.
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( help ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) (at Virginia DHR, includes map of the plantation)