Gamaliel Bailey
American abolitionist and journalist (1807–1859)
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Gamaliel Bailey (December 3, 1807 – June 5, 1859) was an American physician who left that career to become an abolitionist journalist, editor, and publisher, working primarily in Cincinnati , and Washington, D.C. Anti-abolitionist mobs attacked his offices in both cities during the 1840s.
Biography
Born and raised in Mount Holly Township, New Jersey , in 1807, Bailey moved with his family to Philadelphia at the age of nine. [1] He was educated at home and in local schools.
Bailey graduated from the Jefferson Medical College , Philadelphia , in 1827. He moved to Baltimore , where he served as editor of the Methodist Protestant , a religious journal. [2]
In 1831, Bailey moved to Cincinnati , where he set up a medical practice. He also lectured on physiology at the Lane Theological Seminary . Attending the Lane Debates on Slavery in February 1834 between pro- and anti-slavery students, he became an ardent abolitionist. The anti-slavery students withdrew from the seminary in protest for its condemnation of abolitionism . [2]
In 1836, Bailey joined James G. Birney in the editorial control of The Philanthropist , the official newspaper of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society . The following year he succeeded Birney as editor. He directed the paper in publishing anti-slavery articles until 1847, in spite of threats and acts of violence — the printing office of The Philanthropist was wrecked three times by pro-slavery mobs. [2]
Beginning in 1843, Bailey also edited a daily paper, the Herald. In 1847, he assumed control of the new abolitionist publication, The National Era , in Washington, D.C. [3] His offices were attacked by pro-slavery mobs; in 1848, he and his printers were under siege for three days as a mob held them hostage. This paper had a considerable circulation nationally. In 1851–1852, it published Harriet Beecher Stowe 's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin , in serial form. [2]
In December 1854, Bailey helped to persuade Montgomery Blair to represent Dred Scott in his Supreme Court case pro bono , by agreeing to underwrite his expenses. [4] By May 11, 1857, the Scott case had incurred $63.18 in court costs and $91.50 for the printing of briefs. [4] Bailey asked the 75 Republican members of Congress to contribute $2.00 each and covered the rest himself. [4]
In 1859, Bailey died at the age of 51 at sea, aboard the steamship Arago , while en route to Europe. [5] His body was originally buried in Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. His wife, Margaret Lucy Shands Bailey , [6] died in 1888 and was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery , across the city. Bailey's son, Marcellus, had his father's remains disinterred and reburied in an unmarked grave next to Margaret.
Writings
- Bailey, Gamaliel (1838). "G. Bailey's Letter [to the convention of abolitionists]. Published according to order". Proceedings of the Indiana convention, assembled to organize a state anti-slavery society, held in Milton, Wayne Co., September 12th, 1838 . Cincinnati. pp. 13–16.
References
- ↑ Folsom & Ogden 1921 , p. 321.
- 1 2 3 4 Chisholm 1911 .
- ↑ "Gamaliel Bailey - Ohio History Central" . www.ohiohistorycentral.org . Retrieved 2017-10-13 .
- 1 2 3 Ehrlich, Walter (1979). They Have No Rights: Dred Scott's Struggle for Freedom . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 91, 177. ISBN 0313208190 .
- ↑ Folsom & Ogden 1921 , p. 322.
-
↑
Coggeshall, William Turner (1860).
"Margaret L. Bailey"
.
The Poets and Poetry of the West: With Biographical and Critical Notices
(Public domain
ed.). Follett, Foster. p.
281.
ISBN
978-0-608-43014-0
. Retrieved
22 August
2021
.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
Bibliography
- Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Bailey, Gamaliel" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217.
- Folsom, Joseph Fulford; Ogden, Mary Depue (1921). Cyclopedia of New Jersey Biography, Memorial and Biographical . New York: American Historical Society.
- Harrold, Stanley (1986). Gamaliel Bailey and Antislavery Union . Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 087338329X .
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