Frank Birch (referee)
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Frank Earl Birch (November 11, 1883) was a college football and basketball referee [1] who first introduced signals. [2] [3] In 1920, he passed out cards to coaches and the press with a code of twelve gestures. [4] [5] He was a graduate of Earlham College . [6] He married Margaret Johnson. [7] He was also once mayor of Sterling, Illinois . [8]
References
- ↑ Sperber, Murray A. (21 June 1993). Shake Down the Thunder: The Creation of Notre Dame Football . Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253215684 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "What's That Referee up to? (October 3, 1954)" .
- ↑ "De Palma Again Shatters Los Angeles Track Mark (March 21, 1920)" .
- ↑ "ESPNMAG.com - Why does arms up signal a TD?" . www.espn.com .
- ↑ Seton, Ernest Thompson; Scott, Hugh Lenox; Powers, Lillian Delger (1918). Sign Talk: A Universal Signal Code, Without Apparatus, for Use in the Army, the Navy, Camping, Hunting, and Daily Life . Doubleday, Page & Company. p. 233 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "The Michigan Alumnus" . UM Libraries. 21 June 2017 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Frank Birch, Grid Official, Marries Minnesota Girl" . Chicago Tribune . July 3, 1918.
- ↑ "The Political Graveyard: Mayors and Postmasters of Sterling, Illinois" .
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