Emperor Go-Horikawa
Emperor of Japan
Emperor Go-Horikawa
後堀河天皇 |
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Emperor of Japan | ||
Reign | July 29, 1221 – November 17, 1232 | |
Coronation | January 14, 1222 | |
Predecessor | Chūkyō | |
Successor | Shijō | |
Shōgun | Kujō Yoritsune | |
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Born | March 22, 1212 | |
Died | August 31, 1234 (1234-08-31) (aged 22) | |
Burial |
Kannon-ji no Misasagi
(觀音寺陵) (Kyoto)
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Spouse |
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Issue
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Emperor Shijō | |
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House | Yamato | |
Father | Prince Morisada |
Emperor Go-Horikawa ( 後堀河天皇 , Go-Horikawa-tennō ) (March 22, 1212 – August 31, 1234) was the 86th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1221 CE through 1232 CE. [1]
This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 10th-century Emperor Horikawa and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Horikawa". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Horikawa, the second," or as "Horikawa II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne , his personal name (his imina ) [2] was Yutahito -shinnō ( 茂仁親王 ) , [3] also known as Motsihito -shinnō . [4] The third son of Imperial Prince Morisada (守貞親王) (Go-Takakura-in, 後高倉院), the second son of Emperor Takakura .
- Empress ( Jingū ): Sanjō (Fujiwara) Ariuko (三条(藤原)有子) later Ankimon’in (安喜門院), Sanjo Kinfusa’s daughter
- Empress ( Chūgū ): Konoe (Fujiwara) Nagako (近衛(藤原)長子) [5] Later Takatsukasa’in (鷹司院), Konoe Iezane ’s daughter.
-
Empress (
Chūgū
): Kujō (Fujiwara)
Shunshi
(九条(藤原)竴子)
[6]
Later Sōhekimon’in (藻璧門院),
Kujo Michiie
’s daughter
- First son: Imperial Prince Mitsuhito (秀仁親王) later Emperor Shijō
- Fourth daughter: Imperial Princess Hoshi (暤子内親王; 1232-1237)
- Second Son: (1233)
-
Lady-in-waiting: Betto-Naishi (別当典侍), Jimyōin Ieyuki’s daughter
[7]
- First daughter: Imperial Princess Kishi (暉子内親王; 1228-1300) later Muromachi-in (室町院)
- Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taishi (体子内親王; 1231-1302) later Shinsenmon’in (神仙門院)
-
Lady-in-waiting: Dainagon-no-Tsubone (大納言局), Fujiwara Kaneyoshi’s daughter
- Third daughter: Imperial Princess Akiko (昱子内親王; 1231-1246)
Events of Go-Horikawa's life
In 1221 CE, because of the Jōkyū Incident , an unsuccessful attempt by Emperor Go-Toba to seize real power, the Kamakura shogunate completely excluded those of the imperial family descended from Emperor Go-Toba from the Chrysanthemum throne , thus forcing Emperor Chūkyō to abdicate. After the Genpei War , he, as the grandson of the late Emperor Takakura , who was also a nephew of the then-exiled Retired Emperor Go-Toba, and Chūkyō's first cousin, was enthroned as Go-Horikawa. He ruled from July 29, 1221 CE to October 26 (?), 1232 CE.
- 1221 CE ( Jōkyū 3, 9th day of the 7th month ): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō -tennō ' s reign (仲恭天皇一年), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (‘‘senso’’) [8] was received by a grandson of former Emperor Go-Toba. [9]
- 1221 CE ( Jōkyū 3, 1st day of the 12th month ): Emperor Go-Horikawa acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’). [10]
As Go-Horikawa was only ten-years-old at this time, his father Imperial Prince Morisada acted as cloistered emperor under the name Go-Takakura-in. [11]
In 1232 CE, he began his own cloistered rule , abdicating to his 1-year-old son, Emperor Shijō . However, he had a weak constitution, and his cloistered rule lasted just under two years before he died.
Emperor Go-Horikawa's Imperial tomb ( misasagi ) is at Sennyū-ji in the Nochi no Tsukinowa no Higashiyama no misasagi ( 後月輪東山陵 ) . [12]
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre- Meiji eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Horikawa's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
Eras of Go-Horikawa's reign
The years of Go-Horikawa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō . [4]
See also
Notes
- ↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 238–241; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 344–345; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 226–227.
- ↑ Brown, pp. 264; n.b., up until the time of Emperor Jomei , the personal names of the emperors (their iminia ) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
- ↑ Brown, p. 344; Varley, p. 226.
- 1 2 Titsingh, p. 238.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 240.
- ↑ A History of Japan to 1334, George Sansom, p406
- ↑ The Emergence of Japanese Kingship, p5
- ↑ Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji ; and all sovereigns except Jitō , Yōzei , Go-Toba , and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami .
- ↑ Brown, p. 344; Titsingh, p. 238.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 95; Brown, p. 344; Varley, p. 44.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 238; Brown, pp. 344–345; Varley, p. 226.
- ↑ Sennyū-ji: images of front of Imperial mausoleum enclosure
- 1 2 3 4 Brown, p. 345.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien , c. 1220], Gukanshō ( The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219 ). Berkeley: University of California Press . ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Ponsonby-Fane , Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh , Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/ Hayashi Gahō , 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran ; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland .
- Varley , H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa , 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ( A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki . New York: Columbia University Press . ISBN 0-231-04940-4
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Preceded by |
Emperor of Japan
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Go-Horikawa 1221–1232 |
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Yamato |
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Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE / AD * Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed. |
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