Dhaydan bin Hithlain
Arab tribe chief (died May 1929)
Dhaydan bin Khalid bin Hizam bin Hithlain
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Dhaydan (in the middle) with fellow tribesmen
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Died |
May 1929
Uyayna |
Allegiance |
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Service/
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Ikhwan |
Years of service | 1914–1929 |
Unit | Ikhwan from the Ajman tribe |
Battles/wars | Ikhwan revolt |
Relations | Faisal Al Duwaish (nephew) |
Dhaydan bin Hithlain (died May 1929) was one of the leaders of the Ajman tribe and Amir of the hijrah (settlement) of Al Sarrar. [1] His full name was Dhaydan bin Khalid bin Hizam bin Hithlain. [1] Alexei Vassiliev also calls him Zaidan. [2]
Biography
The mother of Faisal Al Duwaish , another tribe leader and one of the significant Ikhwan chiefs, was the sister of Dhaydan bin Hithlain. [1] When Ibn Saud captured the base of the Al Ajman tribe, Al Ahsa , in 1913, the tribe resisted the Saudi forces due to the termination of their privileges granted to them by the Ottomans . [3] However, after the disputes with Ibn Saud were settled, Dhaydan joined the Ikhwan movement in 1919. [4] [5] Soon he became one of major Ikhwan leaders in addition to Faisal Al Duwaish, Sultan bin Bajad Al Otaibi and Muhsin Al Firm. [6] [7] However, Dhaydan and Muhsin Al Firm were relatively minor Ikhwan figures in contrast to Faisal Al Duwaish and Sultan Al Otaibi. [6] In 1915 the forces of the Ajman tribe led by Dhaydan bin Hithlain did not manage to defeat Al Rashid troops in the battle of Jarrab . [2]
In late 1926 the Ikhwan leaders met in Al Artawiyah and made a pact to contribute one another against Ibn Saud if he would attack one of them. [8] [9] [10] They also shared the regions among themselves, and Dhaydan bin Hitlain assumed the responsibility of Al Ahsa region. [7]
Ibn Saud held a meeting in Riyadh in October 1928 to settle the conflicts with the Ikhwan leaders, but none of them attended the meeting. [11] As a result, Dhaydan bin Hithlain and others were removed from their posts in the Ikhwan movement due to their challenge against Ibn Saud's rule. [12] In addition, they were declared by Ibn Saud as rebels on the same date. [13] On 30 March 1929 other Ikhwan leaders rebelled against Ibn Saud due to the latter's activities and fought against him in the battle of Sabilla . [14] Ibn Saud won the battle, and the Ikhwan leaders were arrested or perished. [4] Dhaydan bin Hithlain did not openly confront with Ibn Saud during and following the battle [1] and sent him a letter expressing his loyalty. [15] However, Dhaydan bin Hithlain covertly supported the Ikhwan forces, although his forces did not take part in the battle. [16]
After the battle Dhaydan bin Hithlain remained in Al Ahsa. [16] In May 1929 he was invited to the camp of Fahd bin Abdullah, son of Abdullah bin Jiluwi who was the governor of Al Ahsa province. [1] [4] He and his five companions were murdered by Fahd who was in turn killed by the members of the Ajman tribe. [2] [14] Dhaydan's son, Rakan, and Nayef bin Hithlain succeeded him as the leaders of the Ajman tribe. [17] [18]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma' (July 1999). The Role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934 (PhD thesis). Durham University . pp. 106, 195.
- 1 2 3 Alexei Vassiliev (2013). King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times . London: Saqi. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-86356-761-2 .
- ↑ Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953 (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham . pp. 131, 250.
- 1 2 3 Rayed Khalid Krymli (1993). The political economy of rentier states: A case study of Saudi Arabia in the oil era, 1950-1990 (PhD thesis). George Washington University . pp. 125, 131. ProQuest 304080655 .
- ↑ Sebastiano Andreotti (2013). "The Ikhwan Movement and Its Role in Saudi Arabia's State-Building". In Kenneth Christie; Mohammad Masad (eds.). State Formation and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa . New York: Palgrave Macmillan . p. 91. ISBN 978-1-349-47503-2 .
- 1 2 John S. Habib (1970). The Ikhwan Movement of Najd: Its Rise, Development, and Decline (PhD thesis). University of Michigan . p. 135. ProQuest 288186259 .
- 1 2 Nabil Mouline (2014). The Clerics of Islam. Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press . pp. 102, 105. doi : 10.12987/9780300206616-004 . ISBN 9780300178906 . S2CID 246092501 .
- ↑ John Demetrios Sotos (1982). Principles, pragmatism, and the al Saud: the role of Islamic ideals in political dissent in Saudi Arabia, 1919-1982 (MA thesis). American University. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9798641587837 . ProQuest 219906171 .
- ↑ Christine Helms (2020). The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia: Evolution of Political Identity . London: Routledge . p. 307. ISBN 978-1-00-011293-1 .
- ↑ H.V.F. Winstone; Zahra Freeth (2017). Kuwait: Prospect and Reality . London: Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-351-66983-2 .
- ↑ Abdulaziz Al Fahad (2002). "The 'Imama vs. the 'Iqal: Hadari-Bedouin Conflict and the Formation of the Saudi State" . EUI Working Papers . 11 : 23. hdl : 1814/1769 . ISSN 1028-3625 .
- ↑ "Ikhwān" . Encyclopedia Britannica .
- ↑ Harold Courtenay Armstrong (2001). Lord of Arabia: Ibn Saud: An Intimate Study of a King (PDF) . Simon Publications. p. 228. ISBN 9781931541282 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2019.
- 1 2 Nadav Safran (2018). Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security . Ithaca, NY; London: Cornell University Press . p. 53. ISBN 978-1-5017-1855-7 .
- ↑ "Al Ajman History (Part Three)" (in Arabic). Al Ajman Website. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020 . Retrieved 9 July 2021 .
- 1 2 Hassan S. Abedin (2003). Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Great Game in Arabia, 1896-1946 (PDF) (PhD thesis). King's College London . p. 193. OCLC 59173487 .
- ↑ Joseph Kostiner (July 1985). "On Instruments and Their Designers: The Ikhwan of Najd and the Emergence of the Saudi State". Middle Eastern Studies . 21 (3): 315. doi : 10.1080/00263208508700631 .
- ↑ Mohammed Suleiman Al Haddad (1981). The Effect of Detribalization and Sedentarization on the Socio-Economic Structure of the Tribes of the Arabian Peninsula: Ajman Tribe as a Case Study (PhD thesis). University of Kansas . p. 168. ProQuest 303145966 .
External links
- Media related to Dhaidan bin Haithlin at Wikimedia Commons