Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station
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Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station | |
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The Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant
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Country | Russia |
Coordinates | 56°50′30″N 61°19′21″E / 56.84167°N 61.32250°E / 56.84167; 61.32250 |
Status | Operational |
Construction began | 1958 |
Commission date | 26 April 1964 |
Operator(s) | Rosenergoatom |
Nuclear power station | |
Reactor type | SBR |
Reactor supplier | OKBM Afrikantov |
Cooling source | Pyshma River |
Power generation | |
Units operational |
1 × 600
MW
1 × 885 MW |
Units planned | 1 × 1220 MW |
Units decommissioned |
1 × 108
MW
1 × 160 MW |
Nameplate capacity | 1,485 MW |
Annual net output | 10,100 GW·h (planned) |
External links | |
Website |
www
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Commons | Related media on Commons |
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The Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station ( NPS ; Russian : Белоярская атомная электростанция им. И. В. Курчатова [ pronunciation ( help · info ) ]) was the third of the Soviet Union's nuclear plants. It is situated by Zarechny in Sverdlovsk Oblast , Russia. Zarechny township was created to service the station, which is named after the Beloyarsky District . The closest city is Yekaterinburg .
Early reactors
Two earlier reactors were constructed at Beloyarsk: an AMB-100 reactor (operational 1964–1983) and an AMB-200 reactor (operational 1967–1989).
Both were supercritical water reactors ; the first unit used 67 tons of uranium enriched to 1.8%, while the second unit used 50 tons of uranium enriched to 3.0%. The first unit had an indirect steam cycle, while the second had a direct one. [1]
Although they were comparable in power to the Shippingport Atomic Power Station , the Soviet planners regarded the Beloyarsk reactors as prototypes. [2] Their main novelty was the use of superheated steam ran through a standard turbine thus resulting in a better efficiency compared to the earlier Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant pilot plant. The first Beloyarsk unit produced about 285 MW heat of which about 100 MW were converted to electricity. [2] The second unit, which used two turbines, had a similar conversion efficiency of about 36%. [1]
Later reactors
Two reactors are now in operation: a BN-600 fast breeder reactor , generating 600 MWe gross and a BN-800 fast breeder reactor , generating 885 MWe gross. The BN-800 is the largest fast neutron power reactor in service in the world. Three turbines are connected to the BN-600 reactor. The BN-600 reactor core is 1.03 metres (41 in) tall and has a diameter of 2.05 metres (81 in) . It has 369 fuel assemblies, each consisting of 127 fuel rods with an enrichment of 17–26% 235 U . In comparison, typical enrichment in other Russian reactors is in the range of 3–4% 235 U. BN-600 reactors use liquid sodium as a coolant. The station lacks a containment building .
Construction started on the larger BN-800 fast breeder reactor in 1987. Protests halted progress in 1988, but work resumed in 1992 following an order by President Boris Yeltsin . Financial difficulties resulted in slow progress. Construction costs have been estimated at 1 trillion rubles and the new reactor was expected to be finished in 2012–2015. The BN-600 was originally planned to be decommissioned in 2010 but its lifetime was expected to be extended to cover the gap; it has been operating since 1980.
On 27 June 2014, controlled nuclear fission started in the BN-800 fast breeder reactor. The newest reactor helps to close the nuclear fuel cycle and to achieve a fuel cycle without or with less nuclear waste. Russia was, at the date, the only country that operates fast neutron reactors for energy production. [ citation needed ] However issues detected during low power operation required further fuel development work. On 31 July 2015, the unit again achieved minimum controlled power again, at 0.13% of rated power. Commercial operations are expected to start before the end of 2016, now with a power rating of 789 MWe. [3] In December 2015, Unit 4 was connected to the national grid. [4] [5]
Unit | Type | El. Output (MW) | Start of project | First criticality | Shut down |
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1 | AMB-100 | 108 | 1958-06-01 | 1964-04-26 | 1983-01-01 |
2 | AMB-200 | 160 | 1962-01-01 | 1967-12-29 | 1990-01-01 |
3 | BN-600 | 600 [6] | 1969-01-01 | 1980-04-08 | |
4 | BN-800 | 885 [7] | 1987 | 2014-06-27 | |
5 | BN-1200 | 1,220 | 2025 [8] | 2030 est. |
See also
References
- 1 2 Steven B Krivit; Jay H Lehr; Thomas B Kingery, eds. (2011). Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications . Wiley. pp. 318–319. ISBN 978-1-118-04347-9 .
- 1 2 Paul R. Josephson (2005). Red Atom: Russia's Nuclear Power Program from Stalin to Today . University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8229-7847-3 .
- ↑ "Fast reactor progress at Beloyarsk" . Nuclear Engineering International. 14 January 2016 . Retrieved 19 January 2016 .
- ↑ "Rosenergoatom already learning from BN-800" . World Nuclear Association . 10 December 2014 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 .
- ↑ "Russia connects BN-800 fast reactor to grid" . World Nuclear Association . 11 December 2015 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 .
- ↑ BELOYARSK-3
- ↑ BELOYARSK-4
- ↑ Russia has ambitious plans for MOX fuel and its BN-1200 fast reactor
Further reading
- Dollezhal, N. A. (1958). "The uranium-graphite reactor and superheated steam power stations". Journal of Nuclear Energy . 7 (1–2): 109–IN12. doi : 10.1016/0891-3919(58)90242-0 . For the design of the first two reactors.
External links
- Beloyarsk NPP , INSP programme
- Beloyarskaya NPP , official site
- Beloyarskaya NPP , manufacturer information
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