Anomoeanism
4th-century Christian sect
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In 4th-century Christianity , the Anomoeans [1] / ˌ æ n ə ˈ m iː ə n z / , and known also as Heterousians / ˌ h ɛ t ə r ə ˈ j uː ʒ ə n z / , Aetians / eɪ ˈ iː ʃ ə n z / , or Eunomians / j uː ˈ n oʊ m i ə n z / , were a sect that held to a form of Arianism , that Jesus Christ was not of the same nature ( consubstantial ) as God the Father nor was of like nature ( homoiousian ), as maintained by the semi-Arians. [2]
The word "anomoean" comes from Greek ἀ(ν)- ( an- ) 'not' and ὅμοιος ( omoios ) 'similar': "different; dissimilar". In the 4th century, during the reign of Constantius II , this was the name by which the followers of Aëtius and Eunomius were described. The term "heterousian" derives from the Greek ἑτεροούσιος , heterooúsios , "differing in substance" from ἕτερος , héteros , "another" and οὐσία , ousía , "substance, being".
The semi-Arians condemned the Anomoeans in the Council of Seleucia , and the Anomoeans condemned the semi-Arians in their turn in the Councils of Constantinople and Antioch ; erasing the word ὅμοιος ( omoios ) from the formula of Rimini and that of Constantinople and protesting that the Word had not only a different substance but also a will different from that of the Father. From that, they were to be called ἀνόμοιοι ( anomoioi ).
In the 5th century, the Anomoean presbyter Philostorgius wrote an Anomoean church history. [3]
Notable Anomoeans
- Aëtius , who founded the Anomoean tradition, later bishop (361 – ?). [4] [5]
- Theodulus , bishop of Chaeretapa (? – c. 363) and Palestine (c. 363 – c. 379). [6] [7]
- Eunomius , bishop of Cyzicus (360 – 361) and exiled bishop (361 – c. 393). [5] [8]
- Paemenius , bishop of Constantinople , (c. 363, at the same time as Eudoxius of Antioch ). [9]
- Candidus (Bishop of Lydia) , (c. 363 – ?). [9]
- Arrianus , bishop of Ionia , (c. 363 – ?). [9]
- Florentius , bishop of Constantinople , (c. 363 – ?, at the same time as Eudoxius of Antioch ). [9]
- Thallus , bishop of Lesbos , (c. 363 – ?, at the same time as Eudoxius of Antioch ). [9]
- Euphronius , bishop of Galatia , the Black Sea and Cappadocia , (c. 363 – ?). [9]
- Julian , bishop of Cilicia , (c. 363 – ?). [9]
- Serras , Stephen , and Heliodorus, bishops of Egypt, (c. 363 – ?). [9]
- Philostorgius , historian.
Notable opponents of Anomoeanism
- Basil of Caesarea , bishop of Caesarea , and author of Against Eunomius .
- Gregory of Nazianzus , archbishop of Constantinople , prolific writer and orator. The First Theological Oration. A Preliminary Discourse Against the Eunomians.
- Gregory of Nyssa , bishop of the Cappadocian town of Nyssa and brother to Basil of Caesaria. Against Eunomius (12 books) and Answer to Eunomius' Second Book .
See also
- Archbishop Nectarius of Constantinople
- Homoeans , in contrast to the Anomoeans
- Arianism
- Arian controversy
Notes
- ↑ also spelled " Anomeans "
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Anomoean"
- ↑ Philostorgius, Church History .
- ↑ Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius , book 7, chapter 6.
- 1 2 Socrates Scholasticus, Church History , book 2, chapter 35.
- ↑ Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius , book 8, chapter 2 and book 9, chapter 18.
- ↑ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History , book 2, chapter 40.
- ↑ Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius , book 5, chapter 3 and book 6, chapters 1 – 3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius , book 8, chapter 2.
References
- First edition Encyclopædia Britannica [issued 1768-1771]
-
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain
:
Chambers, Ephraim
, ed. (1728).
Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
(1st
ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
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